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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define:
Complete Dominance |
Phenotype of the heteroz. is the same as the phen. of one of the homoz.
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Define:
Incomplete Dominance |
Phenotype of the heterozygotes is in between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.
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Define:
Codominance |
Phen. of the heteroz. includes phen's of BOTH homozygotes.
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Define:
Penetrance |
% of individuals that have the phenotype you expect, based on the genotype.
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Define:
Incomplete penetrance |
< 100% penetrance
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Define:
Expressivity |
The degree to which a character is expressed:
Example: polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) has variable expressivity because in some people, the extra digits are not fully formed. |
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Define:
Epistasis |
The interaction of 2 or more genes produces the phenotype
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What is not found in epistasis?
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The normal 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio
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Define:
Pleiotropy |
One gene affects multiple traits.
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Define:
Epistatic gene |
The gene that masks the effect of the other gene.
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Define:
Hypostatic gene |
The gene whose phenotypic effects can be masked.
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What is the pheotypic ratio for:
Recessive Epistasis |
9:3:4
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What is the phenotypic ratio for:
Dominant Epistasis |
12:3:1
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What is the:
Complementation Test |
A breeding experiment to determine whether a rare recessive phenotype is due to rate alleles at one locus, or more than one locus.
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Define:
Sex-Influenced traits |
Traits are autosomal, but expression (penetrance) differs in the sexes
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2 things to recognize sex-influenced traits:
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1) Different phenotypic ratios in males and females
2) Monohybrid cross results do not match the expectation for X-linked gene. |
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Define:
Sex-limited Traits |
Autosomal, but always expressed in only one sex.
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2 things to recognize Sex-Limited Traits:
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1) Different phenotypic ratios in the males and females
2) Reciprocal crosses yield the same results. |
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Define:
Imprinted Genes |
RNA is translated only if the gene copy was inherited from a particular parent.
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