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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes drosophila a good test organism? |
Short life cycle, many offspring, easily reared, you can control the mating |
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How can you Tell if a females is a Virgin? |
Less than 8 hours old haven't fully developed yet |
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What was done in the monohybrid test cross? |
P: ++ female with black male F1: black female with blk male. F2:???? |
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How long of a life cycle did the lab flies have? |
12-14 days |
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What temp were the floors incubated at? |
23°C |
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Hope many eggs can a fruit fly lay a day? |
20-50 |
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Describe the fruit fly head |
6 fused segments |
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What appendages are on the thorax of a fruit fly? |
Legs, wings, halteres |
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What is seen on the abdomen? |
Genetalia |
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What fly mutations were observed in lab? |
Black (BL) near wing attachment, vestigial (VG) wings, brown (br) eyes, sepia (se) eyes, ebony (eb) body and white (w) eyes |
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How long does the egg stage last? |
1-2hrs |
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How long does the larval stage last? |
3-8 hours |
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How long does the pupa stage last? |
9-14 hours |
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How long does the adult stage last? |
15-45 hours |
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How much fly media and d.I. water was used? |
1 measuring cap full of each |
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How many grains of yeast were used? |
About 12 |
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What was your sed to anesthetize the flies? |
Flynap (triethylamine) |
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How long were the flies anesthetized? |
2-3min |
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When flies were added to a vial how was the vial positioned? |
On its side |
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What was the cross for the dihybrid parental? |
++female with VG se males |
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What was the phenotypes of the F1 males in the dihybrid cross? |
All wildtype wing and eye |
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What was the resultant F2 phenotypes of the dihybrid cross? |
Wildtype, ++eye VG wing, ++wing sepia eye and VG wing se eye in a 9:3:3:1 ratio |
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Where does mitosis occur in plants? |
Shoots and root tips (primary growth) |
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Where does mitosis occur in animals |
Blastula (64-128 cell stage) |
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Where does meiosis occur in plants? |
Anthers, ovary |
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Where does meiosis occur in animals? |
Testes, ovary |
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In plants with the alternation of generation what produces a 2n cell? |
Sporophyte |
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In plants with the alternation of generation what produces a 1n cell? |
Gametophyte |
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Where does microsporogenesis begin? |
Pollen in the mother cell |
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In microsporogenesis what does meiosis 1 result in? |
2 haploid cells |
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In microsporogenesis what does meiosis 2 result in? |
4 microspores |
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In microsporogenesis how many times does mitosis occur and what is the result? |
2; Pollen (tube, generations) and sperm nucleus |
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Where does megasporogenesis begin? |
A megaspore mother cell |
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What does meiosis 1 result in in megasporeogenesis? |
2 haploid nuclei |
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In megasporogenesis what does meiosis 2/result in? |
4 megaspores |
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How many times doe mitosis occur in megasporogenesis and what is the result? |
3; 3 antipodal cells, 2 polar nuclei, and 1 egg |
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What kind of fertilization do plants have and describe it? |
Double fertilization; the tube joins the nucleus which comes together to make the pollen tube |
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What was the onion root tip used for? |
To observe mitosis |
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What was the white fish blastula used for? |
To observe mitosis |
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What was the corn tassel used to observe? |
Meiosis |
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What was the sex linked cross parental? |
++female ×white male |
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What was the phenotypes of the F1s of the sexed linked cross? |
All wildtype |
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What were the phenotypes of the F2s of the sex-limited cross and what was the predicted ratio? |
++ males, ++ females and w+ males (1:2:1) |
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What was the parental cross of the 3point cross? |
++female × BL, VG, br males |
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What was the phenotypes of the F1 3pt cross |
They all were wildtype (heterozygous) |
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In the 3 Pt cross what fly's were crossed in the F2s? |
Only kept the females, and crossed them with blk VG br males |
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What is a gene interaction that alters Mendelian ratios? |
Epistasis |
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What were the three corn dihybrid crossed and what were their ratios? |
RrSs×RrSs (9:3:3:1), RrSs×rrss test cross (1:1:1:1) and PpWw×PpWw 9:7 complementary gene action (form of epitasis) |
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Where did we place flies to kill them? |
Morgue 70% ethyl alcohol |
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What is the name of the instant medium used for the flies? |
Formula 4-24 |
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What is each corn kernel? |
1 ovule fertilized with pollen |
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When do homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis? |
Anaphase 1 |
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What happens in the the law of segregation? |
Alleles separate in gamete formation |
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How do you calculate the single crossover probability? |
[(# S.C.O. a-b)+(#DCO)]/N |
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How do you calculate the probability of double crossovers? |
Add all numbers together except parental and divide by N |
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Interference equals |
1-COC |
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If I is greater than 0 then |
There is positive interference |
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If I is less than 0 then |
There is a negative interference |
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How do you calculate coefficient of coincidence? |
Observed double crossovers / expected double crossover |
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How do you calculate the expected double crossover? |
(SCO)(SCO)*N |
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Example of homogametic |
XX |
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Example of heterogametic |
XY |
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Describe dosage compensation |
When females inactivate one x (Barr bodies) via heterochromatin |
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How do you calculate the expected parentals? |
(1-SCO)(1-SCO)(N)/2 |
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How do you calculate the expected single crossovers? |
(SCO)(1-other SCO)(N)/2 |
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How do you calculate the expected double crossovers? |
(SCO)(SCO)*N |
