Genetics Final Exam 4

Front 1

ribose

Back 1

five carbon sugar in RNA-hydroxyl group makes it reactive

Front 2

deoxyribose

Back 2

five carbon sugar in DNA lacks a hydroxyl group on 2' carbon

Front 3

nitrogenous base

Back 3

nitrogen-containing base that is one of the three parts of a nucleotide

Front 4

purine

Back 4

type of nigrougenous base in DNA and RNA
(double ring)
ADENINE AND GUANINE

Front 5

pyrimidine

Back 5

type of nitrgenous base in DNA and RNA
(single ring)
cutosine, thymine, and uracil

Front 6

nucleoside

Back 6

ribose or deoxyribose bonded to a base (sugar phosphate backbone WITH the base)

Front 7

transposable element

Back 7

DNA sequence capable of moving from one site to another within the genome through a mechanism that differs from that of homologous recombo

Front 8

positive/negative supercoiling

Back 8

negative makes it looser, positive coils it tighter

Front 9

nucleoid

Back 9

bacterial DNA confined to a definite region of the cytoplasm

Front 10

highly repetitive DNA

Back 10

present and repeated in tandem clustered in certain regions of the chromosome, such as centromeres and telomeres

Front 11

SINEs and LINEs

Back 11

most interspersed repeats are transposable elements

Front 12

chomatosome

Back 12

core particle (nucleosome) and H1 histone protein

Front 13

polytene chromosome
v.
chromosomal puff

Back 13

polytene: giant chromosomes found in certain tissues that exhibit changes in chromatin structure with replication. bands exhibited by actively transcribed genes are chromosomal puffs

Front 14

centromeric sequence

Back 14

are the binding sites for the kinetochore

Front 15

telomeric seuquence

Back 15

sequence found at the ends of a chromosome; consists of many copies of short, simple sequences repeated one after the other

Front 16

unique sequence DNA

Back 16

present only once or a few times in a genome

Front 17

short flanking direct repeats

Back 17

found in transposable elements; not part of the element and does not travel with it, but presence indicates that staggered cuts are made in the target DNA when a transposable element inserts itself, leaving shoft single stranded pieces that repair and cause these repeats

Front 18

terminal inverted repeats

Back 18

inverted complements to each other(crisscross they are inverted)

Front 19

moderately repetitive dna

Back 19

some perform functions for the cell such as ribosomal RNAs, tRNAS, but some has no purpose

Front 20

retrotransposons

Back 20

type of transposable element in eu cells that possesses some charact. of retroviruses and transposes through an RNA intermediate

Front 21

replicative v. nonreplicative
transposition

Back 21

copy and paste mechanism of transposition

nonreplicative; cut and paste mechanism of transposition

Front 22

insertion sequences

Back 22

simple type of transposable element found in bacteria and their plasmids that contains only the information necessary for its own movement

Front 23

composite transposons

Back 23

found in bacteria that consists of two insertion sequences flanking a segment of DNA

Front 24

noncomposite transposons

Back 24

in bacteria, LACK INSERTION SEQUENCES
a few bacteriophage genomes reproduce by transposition

Front 25

Ac and Ds elements in maize

Back 25

transposable elements in maize. noticed chromosome breakage in maize often occurred at gene called Ds (dissociation), but only if Ac (activator) was also present. would sometimes transpose together

Front 26

Ty elements in yeast

Back 26

retrotransposons found in yeast- delta sequences--334 bp. analogous to long terminal repeats found in retroviruses contain promoters