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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Retroviruses
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Advantages: Enter all cells, can't replicate, nontoxic, stable integration.
Disadvantages: Only infect dividing cells, potential for insertional mutagenesis, 8kb max insert. |
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Lentiviruses
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Advantages: Enters replicating/non-replicating cells, can't replicate, nontoxic, neurotropic, large insert, episomal or integrating.
Disadvantages: Potential for insertional mutagenesis, unclear safety (only 1 trial with HIV) |
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Adenoviruses
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Advantages: Enters replicating/non-replicating cells, 8-10 kb insert but can hold 22 kb, no insertional mutagenesis.
Disadvantages: Potential for strong immune response - not being used anymore. |
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Adeno-associated viruses
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Advantages: no known adverse effects, enters replicating/non-replicating cells, neurotropic, episomal.
Disadvantages: Small insert, response can cause loss of virus-producing cells. |
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Nonviral vectors
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Advantages: No infectious risk, unlimited insert size.
Disadvantages: Low efficiency. |
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Myc
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DNA binding tx factor placed downstream of a strong promoter by a translocation (8;14)
Cancer: Burkitt lymphoma |
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erbB2 (HER2/Neu)
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Encodes transmembrane receptor TK, overexpression leads to homodimer = increased activity, leads to increased gene expression, increased proliferation.
Tx: Herceptin (trastuzumab) Cancer: Breast |
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RAS
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Encodes G-protein, decreased NF1 = increased RAS, oncogene (activated by point mutation)
Cancer: many |
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Abl-Bcr (9;22, Philadelphia)
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Translocation yields Bcr-Abl chimeric protein = increased TK function
Tx: imatinib (Gleevec) Cancer: CML |
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Telomerase
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Increases ability for tumors to divide without limit (elongates lagging strand by adding short sequence to leading strand)
Cancer: many |
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Rb
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Regulates G1/S checkpoint, binds Tx factor E2F, when phosphorylated it releases E2F
Cancer: Retinoblastoma |
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TP53
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Activated by phosphorylation in response to double-stranded DNA breaks, a TX factor that induces apoptosis (decides whether S phase will start)
Cancer: Li Fraumeni syndrome, aggressive cervical cancer due to HPV |
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APC
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APC binds Beta-catenin for degradation, preventing it from activating Myc. Beta-catenin normally binds E-cadherin (cell adhesion).
Cancer: FAP |
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MLH1/MSH2
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Mismatch repair genes
Cancer: HNPCC |
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BRCA1/2
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Repair double stranded DNA breaks, possibly involved in Tx regulation.
Cancer: Breast |
