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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mutations are:
1) Spontaneous 2) Induced 3) Both |
3) Both
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What are the 3 causes of Mutations:
Hint: (TCR) |
1) Tautomeric Shifts
2) Chemically Induced 3) Radiation (Sun) |
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If a mutation occurs in one of the biochemical pathways, how is the intermediates and end product affected?
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1) Intermediates build up (increase).
2) End Products lack (decrease) |
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Out of the three DNA repair types, which one is not found in Humans? Which two are?
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Non-Human:
1) Light Induced Repair Human: 2) Base-Excision Repair (BER) 3) Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) |
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Can Mutations at the germ-line of cells be passed on to future generations?
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Yes
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Often, mutations that affect proteins result in deficient enzymes used in biosynthetic pathways
In Biosynthetic pathways, deficient enzymes are a result of mutations of ____? |
Proteins
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What is Sickle Cell Anemia (protein structure)? What type of mutation causes Sickle Cell Anemia? What type of DNA repair would be used to correct it?
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A mutation causing misfolding of beta globin.
Cause: Single Base nucleotide change. Fix: Base-Excision Repair (BER) |
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What is a Tautomeric Shift? What type of mutations does cause?
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Is a mutation.
It changes the structure of a Nucleotide from Purine to Purine or a Pyrimidine to Pyrimidine or normal form to enol or imino forms. |
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What is a Chemically Induced mutation?
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A mutations via chemicals that change the structure of DNA, mimic nucleotides, or causes transcription errors.
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What are the four types of Chemical Mutating Agents? Give an example of two. (Hint: BAD-HA)
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1) Base Analogs (5-Bromouracil)
2) Alkalyting Agents 3) Deaminating Agents 4) Hydroxyilating Agents 5) Acridines (Proflavin) |
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What type of mutation does 5-Bromouracil cause?
What type of mutation does Proflavin cause? |
5-Bromouracil mimics Pyrimidine (T,C)
Proflavin jams in-between nucleotide (ladder steps) in the DNA helix. |
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What is a Radiation type mutation? For example; What type of mutations do they cause?
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When UV light changes the structure of a nucleotide.
Examples: UV + H20 + Cytosine = Cytosine Hydrate UV + Thymine + Thymine = Thymine Dimer (2 T's joined together) |
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What causes Xeroderma pigmentosum (freckles)?
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A mutation in one of the eight genes involved in Nucleotide Excision Repair.
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What is the name of the 3 proteins involved in Nucleotide Excision Repair?
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1) UvrA
2) UvrB 3) UvrC |
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What is the name of the main enzyme used in Base-Excision Repair?
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Glycosylase
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What is the name of the main enzyme used in Light Induced Repair?
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Photolyase
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