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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fatal chromosome abnormalities |
a loss or gain of a chromosome polyploidy nullosomy |
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Polyploidy |
3 or more complete sets of chromosomes |
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Nullosomy |
loss of a chromosome pair |
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Chromosome abnormalities that are not fatal but produce phenotypic abnormalities |
polysomy presence of an extra chromosome ex: calico cats |
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Phenotypic abnormalities |
an abnormality you can physically see. presence of an extra chromosome |
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Additive gene action |
everything is dominant for it to work highly heritable AABB |
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overdominance |
heterozygote is superior to homozygote Aa is bigger than AA or aa but will not always be true |
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Pleiotropy |
one allele of a gene effecting two or more traits ex: blue-eyed cats being deaf |
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What is penetrance in regards to the appearance of certain alleles? |
ability of a gene to express itself in an individual |
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3 genetic diseases of equines |
immunodeficiency hemolytic icterus, neonatal erthtolysis wobblers |
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What does it mean to cull an animal? |
To take out of the breeding pool spay/neutering, killing |
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When test crossing a homozygus recessive animal what are the number of offspring that you need to have without the recessive in order to be 95% and 99% sure it isn't there? |
95%- 5 99%- 7 |
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When test crossing with a heterozygus animal what are the number of offspring that you need to have without the recessive in order to be 95% and 99% sure? |
95%- 11 99%- 16 |
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How many offspring with the recessive would indicate that your test subject is carrying a recessive? |
1 |
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Prepotency |
ability to look like your parents |
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3 genetic effects of inbreeding |
less vigor neonatal losses increase decline in desired traits |
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3 genetic effects of outbreeding |
increases heterozygosity covers up recessives improves traits related to physical fitness |
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3 genetic effects of crossbreeding |
same as outbreeding, but more extreme hybrid vigor |
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What is the most commonly used technique of breeders producing animals for sale today? |
crossbreeding |
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which situation or genotype is most likely to produce a lethal result? |
Y-0 |
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Polydactlyly is an autosomal dom inant disease. It is more common in males or female? |
Neither. It is not a sex linked disease |
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What is a probable effect of outbreeding? |
less recessives appear |
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You are testing a heterozygus by crossing it with a homozygus recessive. How many negative results do you need to be 99% sure the recessive isn't there? |
7 |
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How many recessive offspring would it take to prove that this animal does carry the recessive allele? |
1 |
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The phenomenon where the heterozygus offspring exhibits greater desired traits than either of its homologous parents is called what? |
overdominance |
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Linebreeding is a form of |
inbreeding |
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True or false: there are more genes located on the Y chromosome than on the X chromosome |
False |
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If a species is primiparous it usually has how many offspring per pregnancy? |
1 |
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We have seen that hemophilia is a sex linked recessive disease. What is true about it? |
It is seen more often in males |
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In genetics the way an animal appeared is called |
phenotype |
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The fuzzy tomato experiment demonstrated which type of phenomenon |
mutation |
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an individual has two traits represented genetically as AaBb. What combination would represent both dominant traits? |
AB |
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The name of the site where the two sister chromatids attach during replication is called |
centromere |
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The stage of mitosis where DNA is replicated |
interphase |
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True or false: Heterozygous means having the same allele for a trait on two different chromosomes |
false |
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Genome |
genetic make-up of an individual |
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Prophase |
sister chromatids joined at centromere |
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Metaphase |
getting ready to separate |
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Anaphase |
sister chromatids seperate |
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Telophase |
cell begins to divide |
