Genetics Exam 1 History

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Started private human genome company, with plans to decode genome before international group

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Venter, Craig

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Provide the final proof that DNA is the genetic material using the T2 Virus

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Chase, Martha
Hershey, Alfred

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Date launch of human genome project

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1989-1990

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Insert a gene from an African clawed toad into bacterial DNA

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Cohen, Stanley
Boyer, Herbert

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Got the first patent on genetically altered animal

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Harvard University

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Genetic fingerprinting with RFLPs

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Jeffreys, A.

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Found First gene for breast cancer

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King, Mary-Claire

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First to see chromosomes in the nucleus

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Fleming, W.

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Cracked the genetic code (three base codon)

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Khorana, H.G.
Nirenberg, M.

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Creates a transgenic mouse

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Cline, Martin

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Date of Asilomar International meeting to set up guidelines for recombinant-DNA research

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1975

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Demonstrated sequence of nucleotides in DNA corresponds to sequence of amino acids in proteins

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Yanofsky, C.

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Determined a method for sequencing DNA

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Sanger, F.

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Determined genes on chromosomes, used fruit flies

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Morgan, T.H.

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Discovered the alpha-helix found in protein

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Pauling, Linus

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Discovered the double helix structure of DNA at Cambridge

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Crick, F.
Watson, J.

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Discovers the RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms)

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Botstein, D.

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Discovers X-rays case mutations

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Mullier, Hermann

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Father of genetics, Austrian Monk

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Mendel, Gregor

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Date marks the beginning of genetic engineering

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1973

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First gene therapy for ADA deficiency

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Anderson, W.F.

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First Genetic engineering company (south San Fran)

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Genetech

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First genetically engineered vaccine for humans

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Hepatitis B

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First to demonstrate DNA was the hereditary material

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Aver, O.
Macleod, C.
McCarty, M.

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Conceives the idea of PCR

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Mullis, Kary

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Coined word eugenics, C. Darwin's cousin

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Galton, F.

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At Kings college, research with crystalloraphy demonstrated the helix structure

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Franklin, R.

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At Kings College, headed DNA research

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Wilkins, M.

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Amniocentesis and Rh factor

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Bevis, D.

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Along with Herbert Boyer (in 1973) inserted a gene from an African clawed toad in to Bacterial DNA. "Marks the beginning of genetic engineering."

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Cohen, Stanley

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Clones the human insulin gene

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1977

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In 1997 cloned Dolly

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Wilmut, Ian

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Isolated DNA Polymerase I from E. Coli, recieved the Nobel price in 1959.

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Kornberg, Arthur

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Location of the 1975 international meeting where guidelines for recombinant-DNA research were set.

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Asilomar

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Stated that the amount of Adenine is was equal to the amount of Thymine and Cytosine was equal to the amount of Guanine in DNA

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Chargaff, Erwin

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Determined genes reside on chromosomes

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Morgan, T.H.

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1977 determined a chain termination method for DNA sequencing

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Sanger, Fred

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In 1955 he determined the number of chromosomes in humans

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Tjio, Joe Hin

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Along with Franklin Stahl demonstrated that DNA replication was semi-conservative

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Meselson, Matthew

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Along with Alfred Hershey in 1952 provided the final proof that DNA was the genetic material, they worked with the T2 Virus

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Chase, Martha

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Novel Brave New World

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Huxley, A.

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1864-1883 (IN ORDER)

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Basic laws of heredity discovered
Chromosomes first seen in the nucleus

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1900-1939 (IN ORDER)

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Determination that genes are found on chromosomes
X-rays discovered to cause mutations

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1940-1949 (IN ORDER)

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DNA is demonstrated to be the genetic material
The secondary structure of proteins is established (alpha helix)

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1950-1959 (IN ORDER)

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Amniocentesis first used on Rh factor
Final proof that DNA was the substance that transmits inherited traits
Double helix structure of DNA was determined

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1960-1969 (IN ORDER)

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Demonstration that the nucleotides of DNA determined amino acid seq.
Cracked the genetic code (three based code)
First gene is isolated (bacterial)

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1970-1979 (IN ORDER)

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First gene synthesized from scratch
Beginning of genetic engineering
International meeting in Asilomar
Gentech
DNA sequencing method invented
RFLPs discovered
Human insulin gene cloned

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1980-1989 (IN ORDER)

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Transgenic mouse created
PCR is conceived
Genetic fingerprinting invented
First use of genetic fingerprinting in criminals
First genetically engineered vaccine for humans
Patent on genetically engineered animal
Human genome project created

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1990-1999 (IN ORDER)

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First gene therapy (ADA)
Breast cancer gene found
Genetic Dog Tags
In-vitro embryo abnormality testing
Rough human chromosome map presented
OJ trial & extensive DNA use in courts
Dolly cloned
Announcement by private company to decode human genome
Cloning of mice/calves & embryonic stem cells grown
Drosophila genome completed & human chromosome 22 mapped

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2000-2006 (IN ORDER)

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First draft of human genome published