Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Anencephaly
|
This is a neural tube defect where they have a brain stem but not the rest of the brain. Happens in 1 in 1000 pregnancies. Life expectancy is a few hours to a few years depending on what part of the brain develops. Usually incompatible with life.
|
|
|
Generally, what causes an ectopic pregnancy?
|
Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of fertilization and is generally due to an abnormality in the structure of the tube
|
|
|
What is cleavage?
|
Cellular replication that begins as the zygote (fertilized egg) travels into the uterus (3-4 days)
|
|
|
What is implantation?
|
Attachement of the zygote into the endometrium. Can happen in the anterior or posterior region and happens 6-10 days after conception. Implantation happens before the mother misses her period, so mother may not know she is pregnant. Very important time in fetal development and many spontaneous losses occur in this step.
|
|
|
Chorion
|
Develops from a portion of the chorionic villi to become the FETAL SIDE of the placenta. Contains the major umbilical vessels.
|
|
|
When is the placenta completed and when does it grow until?
|
Complete by 12th week, grows until 20th week and covers 1/2 of the uterine surface.
|
|
|
What is the function of the placenta?
|
Diffusion between mother and baby, respiration, nutrition, excretion, protection, endocrine, immunity
|
|
|
When does the fetal heart start beating?
|
end of the 3rd week
|
|
|
When is the heart completely developed?
|
8 weeks but note that developed does not mean mature
|
|
|
Umbilical blood vessels
|
Umbilical vein: carries blood to the fetus, this vessel is very thick, blood is highly oxygenated NOTE: this is backwards from an adult
Umbilical arteries (2): blood from fetus to chorionic villi 1% umbilical cords contain only 2 vessels, assess for this, at term will be 30-90 cm long |
|
|
What happens during the fetal period (weeks 9 to 40)?
|
Growth is most rapid during 1st to 16th weeks
Recognizable human characteristics Basic organ structures |
|
|
What are the 3 fetal shunts?
|
1. Ductus venosus- shunts blood away from fetal liver b/c placenta will provide the function (just needs a little blood to develop)
2. Foramen ovale- between atria 3. Ductus arteriosus: blood to brain |
|
|
What is the range of the fetal heart rate (FHR)?
|
110-160 bpm, increased cardiac output, increased output
|
|
|
Fetal hematopoietic system
|
Formation of blood in yolk sac beginning in the 3rd week
Hematopietic stem cells in fetal liver- 5th week Hematopoiesis- 6th week Step cells fetal bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes- 8-11 weeks |
|
|
When do fetal lungs start to produce surfactant?
|
32 weeks
|
|
|
Synthetic surfactant
|
given through endotracheal tube directly into lungs, dramatically improves the outcome, very standard for extremely preterm babies
|
|
|
When does quickening occur?
|
16-20 weeks
|
|
|
Types of identical twins
|
2 amnions, 2 chorions, 2 placentas that fuse is most common
2 amnion, 1 chorion, 1 placenta (most common according to book) 1 amnion, 1 chorion. These twins are in the same sack and have a 50% mortality rate, sometimes b/c have donor and transfuse each other |
