Genetics Chapter 3

Front 1

A model for DNA replication that stated one parental strand was copied and combined with a new, complementary strand of DNA.

Back 1

The Semiconservative model (the correct model)

Front 2

A model for DNA replication that stated after the first replication cycle, the parental strands created a DNA strand while the new, complementary strands were joined for form another DNA.

Back 2

The conservative model (wrong)

Front 3

A model for DNA replication that stated sections from the DNA strand were removed and combined with sections of a a new complementary strand and sections of a parental strand to create new DNA strands.

Back 3

The dispersive model (wrong)

Front 4

This experiment proved that the semiconservative model for DNA was the correct model by looking at the different density gradients of centrifuged strands of DNA.

Back 4

The Meselson-Stahl Experiment

Front 5

Enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis.

Back 5

DNA Polymerase (pol-lim-er-ase)

Front 6

This enzyme removes the RNA primer from the lagging strand and fills in the necessary nucleotides of the Okazaki fragments in 5' -> 3' direction, proofreading for mistakes as it goes.

Back 6

DNA Polymerase I

Front 7

When DNA untwists to expose the two single-stranded template strands for DNA replication, a Y-shaped structure is formed. What is this called?

Back 7

Replication fork

Front 8

These are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating the two nucleic acid strands.

Back 8

DNA helicase

Front 9

An enzyme which synthesizes an RNA primer. This enzyme helps DNA polymerase to initiate the synthesis of a DNA strand.

Back 9

DNA Primase

Front 10

This is made by DNA primase in which new nucleotides are added by DNA polymerase.

Back 10

RNA primer

Front 11

These proteins bind to each single-stranded DNA, stabilizing them and preventing them from reforming double-stranded DNA by complementary base paring.

Back 11

Single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins

Front 12

The new strand being made in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork.

Back 12

Leading Strand

Front 13

The new strand being made in the direction opposite that of the movement of the replication fork.

Back 13

Lagging Strand

Front 14

The fragments of lagging-strand DNA made in semidiscontinous replication.

Back 14

Okazaki fragments

Front 15

This enzyme binds Okazaki fragments together.

Back 15

DNA Ligase

Front 16

The replication machine in DNA.

Back 16

Replisome

Front 17

The indicator protein in eukaryotes.

Back 17

Origin recognition complex (ORC)

Front 18

Limiting replication initiation to the S stage is controlled by proteins called what?

Back 18

Licensing factors

Front 19

This enzyme maintains chromosome lengths by adding telomere repeats to one strand which serves as the template on previous DNA replication at each end of a linear chromosome.

Back 19

Telomerase