Genetics Chapter 16

Front 1

Activator:

Back 1

A transcriptional regulatory protein that increases the rate of transcription.

Front 2

Antisense RNA:

Back 2

An RNA strand that is complementary to a strand of mRNA.

Front 3

Cis-effect:

Back 3

An effect on gene expression due to genetic sequences that are within the same chromosome and often are immediately adjacent tot the gene of interest.

Front 4

Constitutive genes (housekeeping genes):

Back 4

A gene that is not regulated and has essentially constant levels of expression over time.

Front 5

Gene regulation:

Back 5

The phenomenon in which the level of gene expression can vary under different conditions.

Front 6

Inducer:

Back 6

A small effector molecule that binds to a genetic regulatory protein and thereby increases the rate of transcription.

Front 7

Inducible gene:

Back 7

A gene that is regulated by an inducer, which is a small effector molecule that causes transcription to increase.

Front 8

Negative control:

Back 8

Transcriptional regulation by repressor proteins.

Front 9

Operator:

Back 9

A sequence of nucleotides in bacterial DNA that provides a binding site for a genetic regulatory protein.

Front 10

Operon:

Back 10

An arrangement in DNA where two or more structural genes are found within a regulatory unit that is under the transcriptional control of a single promoter.

Front 11

Positive control:

Back 11

Genetic regulation by activator proteins.

Front 12

Repressible gene:

Back 12

A gene that is regulated by a corepressor or inhibitor, which are small effector molecules that cause transcription to decrease.

Front 13

Repressor:

Back 13

A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and inhibits transcription.

Front 14

Trans-effect:

Back 14

An effect on gene expression that occurs even though two DNA segments are not physically adjacent to each other. Trans effects are mediated through diffusible genetic regulatory proteins.

Front 15

Translational regulatory protein:

Back 15

A protein that regulates translation.