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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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manufacturing RNA from DNA
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transcription
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assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a molecule of mRNA
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translastion
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the DNA strand carrying the information to be transcribed
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template strand
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an enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA chain
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RNA polymerase
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the side of the DNA double helix for a particular gene from which RNA is not transcribed
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coding strand
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the three-dimensional shape of a molecule
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conformation
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a molecule of RNA complimentary in sequence to the template strand of a gene that specifies a protein product
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messenger RNA
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a continuous triplet of mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid
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codon
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RNA that, with proteins, comprises ribosomes
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ribosomal RNA
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a type of RNA that connects mRNA to amino acids during protein synthesis
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transfer RNA
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a three-base sequence on one loop of a transfer RNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA codon, and brings together the appropriate amino acid and its mRNA
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anticodon
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a protein that activates the transcription of certain genes
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transcription factors
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a control sequence near the start of a gene
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promoter
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part of a gene that is transcribed but is exercised from the mRNA before translation into protein
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introns
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part of a gene that encodes amino acids
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exons
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building different proteins by combining exons of a gene in different ways
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alternate splicing
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the correspondence between specific RNA triplets and the amino acids they specify
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genetic code
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the grouping of DNA base triplets encoding an amino acid sequence
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reading frame
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DNA triplets that specify the same amino acid
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synonymous codons
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a codon that encodes different amino acids from another codon
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non-synonymous codons
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the amino acid sequence of a protein
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primary structure
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folds in a polypeptide caused by attractions between amino acids close together in the primary structure
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secondary structure
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folds in a polypeptide caused by interactions between amino acids and water. This draws together amino acids that are far apart in the primary structure
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tertiary structure
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a protein that has more than one polypeptide subunit
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quaternary structure
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a protein that binds a polypeptide and guides folding
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chaperone proteins
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a multiprotein structure in a cell shaped like a barrel through which misfolded proteins pass and are refolded or dismantled
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proteasome
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