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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Albinism is a __________ disease
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autosomal recessive
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The enzyme that can't be made in Albinism is _________.
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tyrosinase
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The two results of the enzyme deficiency in albinism are?
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1)tyrosene builds up in blood stream
2) can't make melanin |
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two results of lack of melanin are
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1)lack of skin pigment
2) lack of eye pigment |
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1)lack of skin pigment results in
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UV sensitivity
sunburn increase skin cancer |
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1) lack of eye pigment results in
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poor visual acuity
lack of binocular vision |
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Stem cells
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Cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells
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Embryonic stem cells
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Primitive (undifferentiated) cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types
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Human embryonic germ stem cell
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A type of pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
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Embryonic stem cell line—
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Embryonic stem cells, which have been cultured under in vitro conditions that allow proliferation without differentiation for months to years.
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Hematopoietic stem cell
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A stem cell from which all red and white blood cells develop.
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Bone marrow stromal stem cells
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A stem cell found in bone marrow that generates bone, cartilage, fat, and fibrous connective tissue.
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Adult stem cell
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An undifferentiated cell found in a differentiated tissue that can renew itself and (with certain limitations) differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which it originated. (i.e.. bone marrow stem cell)
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Mesenchymal stem cells
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Cells from the immature embryonic connective tissue. A number of cell types come from mesenchymal stem cells, including chondrocytes, which produce cartilage.
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Neural stem cell
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A stem cell found in adult neural tissue that can give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
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Clonogenic
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A single embryonic stem cell that can give rise to a colony of genetically identical cells, or clones, which have the same properties as the original cell.
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Pluripotent
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Ability of a single stem cell to develop into many different cell types of the body.
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graft-versus-host reaction
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An immunologic reaction where the stem cells (or graft) that is given to a patient “attacks” the patient.
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host-versus-graft reaction
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An immunologic reaction of the immune system of the patient (host) against the infused stem cells (graft)
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Human embryonic stem cells =
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adult stem cells
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Blastocyst (embryonic germ cells)
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before implantation (6-8 cell stage)
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Benefits of Embryonic Stem Cells
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Omnipotential
Decreased risk of host-versus-graft With respect to autoimmune diseases, using human stem cell lines from unaffected individuals or individuals lacking genetic influences may limit the possibility of disease progression or reemergence. |
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Benefits of Embryonic Stem Cells (con’t.)
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Decrease graft-versus-host reaction.
Embryonic stem cells are substantially more permissive to gene transfer compared with adult cells. Embryonic stem cells sustain protein expression during extensive self-renewal. |
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Problems with Embryonic Stem Cells
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Ethical issues
Harvesting large numbers |
