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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics |
Study of inheritance |
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Homologous pairs |
Chromosome pairs one from mother one from father |
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Genotype |
Combination of alleles |
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Phenotype |
Outwards appearance of a trait |
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Gene |
Segment of chromosome that determines a trait |
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Allele |
Alternate form of gene |
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Genotypic ratio |
BB,Bb,bb must equal 4 |
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Phenotypic ratio |
BB,bb must equal 4 |
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Principle of dominance |
One allele usually dominates over another |
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Principle of segregation |
Homologous chromosomes separate when gametes are formed |
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Principle of independent assortment |
Chromosomes separate independently during meiosis |
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Test cross |
When something that shows the dominant form of a trait is bred with a homozygous recessive something, used to find alleles of parents by testing offspring |
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Diploid |
Full number of chromosomes |
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Haploid |
Half number of chromosomes |
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Human karyotype |
Arrangement of homologous pairs of chromosomes, humans have 22 pairs autosomal and 1 pair sex chromosomes |
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Chromosomal disorders |
While chromosomes are affected not just genes |
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Down syndrome |
Three 21st chromosomes |
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Turners syndrome |
Only one x in females, no female characteristics after puberty |
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Klinefelter syndrome |
XXY set of sex chromosomes male with female characteristics |
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Autosomal dominant |
Caused by dominant the autosomal allele, only need one to get disorder, males and females have equal chance |
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Autosomal recessive |
Recessive allele, need 2 alleles to have disorder, can have carriers, males and females have equal chance |
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X linked recessive |
Males only need 1, females need 2, females with 1 are carriers, more common in males, |
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X linked dominant |
Caused by dominant alelle on x chromosomes, only 1 allele needed, All daughters of a male will have the disorder |
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Y linked recessive |
Only occurs in males, pass trait onto sons, infertility |
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Or punet square |
Add results |
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And punet square |
Times results |
