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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who is gregor mendel |
austrian monk; observed how traits are inherited |
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what did mendel contribute |
three laws of genetics |
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what are mendel's three laws |
law of dominance law of segregation law of independent assortment |
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law of dominance |
only the dominant factor is expressed |
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law of segregation |
genes separate (meiosis), chromosome number reduces |
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law of independent assortment |
genes are passed down separately from parents to offspring |
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genotype |
genetic make up represented by letters |
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phenotype |
physical appearance |
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homozygous |
both alleles dominant/recessive |
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heterozygous |
one dominant allele, one recessive allele |
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alleles |
genes at a certain part of the chromosome, control the same characteristic |
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probability |
likelihood of something happening |
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why use a punnett square |
to predict traits passed to offspring |
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test cross |
determines genotype of an unknown individual |
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incomplete dominance |
mix of two alleles (red, pink, white) |
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complete dominance |
only expresses one allele |
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thomas hunt morgan |
determined sex-linked traits through fruit fly eye color |
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autosomes |
all chromosomes excluding sex |
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sex chromosomes |
determine the sex of an organism |
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number of chromosomes in humans |
46 |
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number of autosomes in humans |
44 |
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number of sex chromosomes in humans |
2 |
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sex chromosomes in males |
x and y |
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sex chromosomes in females |
x and x |
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sex-linked traits |
only carried on x chromosome |
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polygenic traits |
influenced by more than two sets of genes (skin color) |
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multiple allele traits |
like blood type |
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pedigree |
chart that shows how traits are inherited in families |
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monosomy |
presence of only one chromosome |
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trisomy |
presence of an extra chromosome |
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deletion mutation |
part of a chromosome is lost during replication |
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duplication mutation |
part of a chromosome is duplicated |
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inversion mutation |
part of a chromosome is upside down |
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karyotype |
picture of a person's chromosomes |
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amniocentesis |
tests developmental abnormalities in fetuses |
