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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the two conclusions Mendel derived from his experiments?
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1) The observed characteristics of organisms are determined by two genes, one inherited from the father and one inherited from the mother
2) Each of these genes is equally likely to be transmitted when gametes form |
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Describe mitosis.
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Cellular division hat creates two copies of the chromosomes in the nucleus
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Define diploid.
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Referring to cells containing paris of homologous chromosomes, in which one chromosome of each pair is inherited from each parent.
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Define homologous.
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A pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell in which one member of the pair is derived from the other and the other from the mother.
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Define haploid.
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A cell with only one copy of each chromosome. Gametes are haploid
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Describe meiosis.
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Cell division process that creates gametes. The gametes created are haploid
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Describe recombination.
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The creation of novel genotypes as a result of random segregation of chromosomes and of crossing over.
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Describe crossing over.
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The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Crossing over causes recombination of genes carried on the same chromosome.
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What happens to the segregation of genes located on the same chromosome?
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They may not segregate independently.
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Which DNA bases pair with each other?
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Adenine with thymine
Cytosine with guanine |
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What are the two roles that the "messages" in DNA can have?
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1) Coding sequences - specify structure of proteins
2) Regulatory sequences - determine the conditions under which the message encoded in a coding sequence gene will be expressed. |
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How do enzymes affect an organism's biochemistry?
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They determine what will happen when and what chemicals will be present in the cell
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What determines the properties of proteins?
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The sequence of amino acids
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
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The sequence of amino acids
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What is the tertiary structure of amino acids?
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Three-dimensional shape of the folded protein
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What is a codon?
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A three-letter "word" that is a combination of bases. Specifies a certain amino acid
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What are the two types of RNA?
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Messenger RNA and transfer RNA
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Who made the connection between Mendel's two principles and chromosomes?
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Walter Sutton
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What role does RNA play in biochemistry?
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Carries DNA's message to the cytoplasm. The structure of RNA, with paired bases, matches the structure of DNA
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Who is the scientist who helped discover the structure of DNA but is never really remembered?
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Rosalind Franklin
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