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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics |
Study of heredity and variation of living organisms and how genetic info is passed from one generation to the next |
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Genome |
The complete DNA sequence of an organism |
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Chromosome |
A structure in the nucleus that contains DNA |
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Karyogram |
Shows the homologous pairs of chromosomes in decreasing length |
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Gene |
A part of a chromosome that governs the expression of a trait and is passed on to offspring; has a specific genetic sequence |
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Allele |
One of two of more forms of a gene |
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DNA |
Stores genetic info and can be coded, replicated and interpreted |
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Meiosis |
A cellular process that produces cells containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell; the process of cell division that produces haploid sex cells (egg or sperm) |
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Haploid |
Describes a cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
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Diploid |
Describes a cell that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes |
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Synapsis |
The aligning of homologous chromosomes during propane I in meiosis |
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Non-disjunction |
The failure of homologous chromosome pairs or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis |
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Carrier |
An individual who is heterozygous for a particular recessive trait; has the recessive allele for a trait, but the trait is not expressed. |
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Genotype |
The genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism or a group of organisms |
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Phenotype |
The physical and physiological traits of an organism |
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Test cross |
A cross between a parent of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive parent |
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Sex linkage |
The condition in which a particular gene is located on a sex chromosome, especially on x-chromosome, so that the character controlled by the gene is associated with either of the sexes |
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Pedigree |
A flow chart that uses symbols to show the inheritance patterns of traits in a family over many generations |
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Crossing over |
Mixing of alleles across homologous chromosomes |
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Non disjunction |
When homologous chromosomes/sister chromatids fail to spread properly during cell division |
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True breeding |
Organisms that exhibit the same traits, generation after generation |
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Law of segregation |
Traits are determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis so that each gamete receives one allele |
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Law of independent assortment |
The two alleles for one gene segregate or assort independently of the alleles for other genes |
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Homologous chromosomes |
Carry the same sequence of genes, but not the same alleles of those genes |
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Chromatin |
Fibres of DNA in its uncondensed form. Exists during S phase of interphone to allow DNA to replicate |
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Chromosome |
A structure in the nucleus that contains DNA |
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Sister chromatid |
One of two chromosomes that are gentically identical and held together at the centromere |
