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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the control centre for a cell called? |
Nucleus |
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What isa gene? |
A specific section of base sequences. |
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What does each gene carry? |
Each gene carries the instruction for making a specific protein, which in turn determines a trait of the organism. |
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What is an allele? |
An allele is a variant form of the gene, the actual sequence of bases making up a particular gene can vary. |
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What isan protein? |
A protein is made of hundred or thousands of linked amino acids. The sequence of amino acids determines the specific role of the protein. |
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What is the role of a triplet base? |
A triplet of bases along the gene specifies the code for one particular amino acid in the sequence making up a protein. |
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What does an allele then cause to the proteins? |
Different variants of a gene's base sequence (allele), produce different proteins and so cause variations in a particular feature of a species. |
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What is a mutation? |
A permanent change in the base sequence of a gene found along a DNA molecule (chromosome). Which may result in a new allele for that gene. |
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What are some causes of a mutation |
Can be caused by exposure to chemicals or radiation, or by an error in the replication of DNA just before the cell divides. |
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When can the mutation be passed on? |
If the mutation occurs in the gametes, but only if that particular gamete is fertilised |
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What isa trait? |
Features of an organism that are determined by the genes inherited from its parents. |
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What do genotype and phenotype have to do with each other? |
An organisms genotype determines the phenotype. This means the alleles present code for specific proteins, which then determine the trait. |
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What isthe difference between homozygous and heterozygous? |
Homozygous means the alleles are the same where heterozygous means the alleles are different. |
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What is DNA replication? |
Is the process a cell uses to make a copy of its DNA. |
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What is the process of DNA replication |
1. DNA unzips along the middle to expose the base sequences. 2. The two strands of unpaired bases act as a template for new bass to be attached. 3. New bases (attached to a sugar and phosphate) match up to the exposed bases on each strand. 4. This results in 2 identical DNA molecules. |
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What isthe difference between asexual and sexual reproduction? |
Asexual involves one parent passing on its entire set of genetic material resulting in genetically identical offspring. Sexual reproduction involves two individuals combining their genetic material to produce offspring. |
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Can Genetic variations or acquired or environmental variations be passed on? |
Only genetically possessed variations are able to be passed on through meiosis. |
