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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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self fertilization |
-the pollen from the anthers fertilizes the pistil of the same flower |
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true-bleeding or pure-bleeding |
-genetically the same from parent to offspring |
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genotype |
-the genetic make-up of an organism or the description of the genes |
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phenotype |
-the characteristics that can be observed in an organism |
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monohybrid cross |
-true-bleeding strains that differ in a single trait -reciprocal crosses: cross both ways to determine parental types contribute equally -F1 generation-dominant: only one parental type will show -F2 generation-1/4 is recessive -alleles is where each gene exists in alternative forms -homozygous: individuals with identical alleles -heterozygous: individuals with different alleles |
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Mendel's first law |
-recessive characters that don't appear in F1 will reappear in F2 generation |
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testcross |
-will determine if the dominant is heterozygous or homozygous |
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mendel's dihybrid cross |
-a cross between two pairs of taits -P (parental) generation is pure breeding then the F1 will be the same -F2 generation will represent all possible phenotypes in the ratio |
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dihybrid testcrossing |
-to know genotype, cross it with a homozygous recessive |
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mendel's second law |
-'factors' for different traits assort independently of one another |
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trihybrid cross |
crosses involving independently assorting traits |
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generalization of mendelian genetics |
-pp are two different pure-breeding strains -F1 self-fertilize -F1 will be heterozygous for each gene in the cross -F2 has 2n phenotypic and 3n genotypic classes |
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chi-squared test |
-tests for a goodness of fit -analyzes the differences between observed and expected results can be explained by chance |
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Recessive mutations |
-if allele is rare it will skip generation -deleterious recessive traits are maintained this way |
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dominant mutations |
-homozygous dominant individuals are rare -affected individuals will have at least 1 affected parent -phenotype likely in every generation than in a recessive mutation |
