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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ploidy
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The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
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Euploidy
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Havingan equal number of each chromosome
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Aneuploidy
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having an unequal number of each chromosome
DISRUPTION IN GENE BALANCE CAUSES GENEDOSAGE AFFECTS THAT PRODUCE INCORRECT RATIOS OF INTERACTING PROTEINS ,IMPAIRING NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY. |
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Aberrant euploidy
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loss or duplication of whole chromosome seto 2n is normal, n =monoploid, 3n,4n=Polyploidy
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Monoploidy
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Exposes recessive alleles masked in diploid if does develop it will be sterile becausemeiotic chromosomal pairing fails
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Autopolyploid
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chromosome sets originates from one species Triploids are typically sterile due to problemswith chromosomal pairings during meiosis Unequal amount of chromosomes to pair Tetraploids : produce viable gametesú Also have variation in chromosomal pairingsmeiosis
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Allopolyploid
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chromosome sets originate from two or moredifferent species
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Sex chromosomes:
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a peculiar exception to the detrimental effects
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Non-disjunction
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when disjunction fails. Homologous chromosomesor sister chromatids don’t properly segregate into daughter cells causesdisjunction
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Gene Balance
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should be ratio 1:1§ Proper protein interactions depend on having thecorrect ration of genes products, disrupts physiology.
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Monosomic
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Affects very negative any deletirous recessivealleles are revealed- can’t be hidden by a dominant allele
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Psuedodominance
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Recessive alleles appear to be dominant becausecell has only one copy
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Trisomic (2n+1
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Additional chromosome often causes death orsevere abnormali
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Deletion:
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loss of chromosome segment
o Problems may arise from dosage affectsExposure of deleterious recessive mutations |
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Duplication
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doubling of a chromosomal segment
Tandem: extra copy is located adjacent tooriginal copy ,Inspectional: extra copy located elsewhere ingenome |
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Inversion
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· Ordering of segment is reversed relative toremainder of chromosome
o Paracentric: Inversion does not containcentromereo Pericentric:: Inversion includes centromere |
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Translocation:
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· Chromosomal segments moves between differentchromosomes
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· Balance VS Unbalance
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o Balance: rearrangement do not disrupt genebalanceo Unbalance: alter gene balance, cause dosageeffects
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