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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drosophila
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a particular gene functions as a master switch that triggers development of the eye (a fly having extra eyes on its antenna)
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embryology
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the study of the stages of development leading from a fertilized egg to a fully formed organism
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model organism
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An organism chosen to study broad biological principles.
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Drosophila melanogaster
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(fruit fly) one of the most important model organism. the embryos develop outside the mother's body
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Caenorhabditis Elegans
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(the soil-dwelling nematode)
-1/4 offspring have a mutant phenotype(homozygous for recessive allele) -every adult hermaphordite has exactly 959 somatic cells. useful in studying for cell's reconstuction |
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Mus musculus
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(mouse)its genome ( ~ 2600 Mb containing 25000 genes) is about the same as human, so M.musculus known as mammalian model
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Danio rerio
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(zebrafish)- easy to breed in lab, transparent embyo develop outside mother's body. By 24 hr after fert. most of tissues and rudiments of the organs have formed ( its genome~1700 Mb)
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Arabidopsis thaliana.
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(small flower plant-common wall cress)it has really small genome ~118 Mb which is about 25500 genes
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transformation of a zygote or Embryonic development
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need three interrelated processes: cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis.
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cell differentiation
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The structural and functional divergence of cells as they become specialized during a multicellular organism′s development; dependent on the control of gene expression
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morphogenesis
( the creation of form) |
The development of body shape and organization or Cells are organized into tissues and organs.
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the body axes of the organism
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anterior–posterior (head–to–tail) axis and the dorsal–ventral (back–to–belly) axis.
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apical meristem
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Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.
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Animal development
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Zygote-> egg cells-> blastula-> gastrula-> adult
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Blastula
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a sphere of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity
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Gastrula
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when a region of the blastulas folds inward, creating a tube called " a rudimentary gut"
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In animals, but not in plants,
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movements of cells and tissues are necessary to transform the early embryo into the characteristic three–dimensional form of the organism.
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In plants, but not in animals,
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morphogenesis and growth in overall size are not limited to embryonic and juvenile periods but occur throughout the life of the plant.
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genomic equivalence
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they all have the same genes
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