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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell created by the union of the egg and sperm
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ZYGOTE
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the uniting of the egg and sperm
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FERTILIZATION
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female sex cell
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EGG
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male sex cell
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SPERM
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the allele which is not always expressed because it can be hidden
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RECESSIVE
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the allele which is always expressed when present
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DOMINANT
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how a recessive trait is expressed
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TWO RECESSIVE ALLELES FOR THAT TRAIT
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the way an organism looks
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PHENOTYPE
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different versions of a gene
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ALLELES
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anything related to genes
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GENETICS
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the transfer of pollen
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POLLINATION
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symbol for the parent generation
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P1
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symbol for the first offspring generation
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F1
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carry traits passed on from one generation to the next
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GENES
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the study of how traits are passed on from one generation to the next
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HEREDITY
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a cell that has one of each type of chromosome
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HAPLOID
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a scientist who studied the genetics of pea plants
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MENDEL
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a cross involving one trait
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MONOHYBRID CROSS
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number of boxes on the Punnett square for a monohybrid cross
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4 (2x2)
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number of letters in the gametes for a monohybrid cross
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1
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number of boxes on the Punnett square for a dihybrid cross
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16 (4x4)
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number of letters in the gametes for a dihybrid cross
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2
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number of letters in the genotypes of the parent or offspring for a monohybrid cross
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2
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number of letters in the genotypes of the parent or offspring for a dihybrid cross
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4
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a trait capable of masking another allele
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DOMINANT
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different traits are inherited independently if they are on different chromosomes
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LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
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describes the genes on an organism's chromosomes
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GENOTYPE
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another word for sex cell
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GAMETE
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characteristics that are inherited
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TRAITS
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technique used to determine gametes for dihybrid crosses
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FOIL (FIRST, OUTSIDE, INSIDE, LAST)
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a genotype with two different alleles
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HETEROZYGOUS
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a genotype with two of the same alleles
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HOMOZYGOUS
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a genotype with two recessive alleles
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HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
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a genotype with two dominant alleles
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HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT
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another word for homozygous
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PUREBRED
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another word for heterozygous
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HYBRID
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two alleles for each trait must separate when gametes form so that a parent passes on at random only one allele for each trait
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LAW OF SEGREGATION
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paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
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HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
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a cross involving two traits
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DIHYBRID
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