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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics are our foundation
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-they impact our life
-they impact treatment for cancer |
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Gene
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Basic unit of heredity
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genome
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human genetic make up
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Chromosomes
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-23 pairs in neucleous (46 normally)
-Children get 23 from MOM and 23 from DAD -22 pairs are same in males and females -1 pair is not (this is what makes us boy or girl - sex chromosome) X & Y |
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DNA
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Deoxyribose Neucleaic Acid
-Stores genetic make up -4 specific proteins: give instructions to make different proteins to maintain life |
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mitosis
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cell division that gives genetically identical cells (Cell replication)
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Meiosis
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-end up with HALF the # chromosomes
-only occurs in reproductive cells |
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Stem Cells
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-can get from self or someone else
-undifferinciated - no code |
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embryonic stem cells
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-only comes from EMBRYOS (phase of fetal devlopment: first 3 months-fetus will NOT live; typically from aborted fetus')
-can become any type of cell in body -only true UNcoded stem cells that exsist -can make them be any cells they want (no direction yet) |
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Adult Stem cells
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come from anytime after 1st few months of development
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Dominant Vs Recessive
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Dominant (if present) will be expressed over recessive
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Autosomal Dominant
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any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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Autosomal Dominant Disorders
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-caused by mutation of 1 gene from a pair of chromosomes
-typically passed generation to generation -males & females equally affected because it is a NONsex chromosome effected EX. huntingtons disease, high cholesterol, bracagene (ovarian/breast: not all breast cancer is from bracagene), parkinsons |
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Variable expression
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same mutation; different severities
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Autosomal Dominant Disorders Box
DAD |
50/50 chance of getting gene and having a disorder or mutation
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Autosomal Recessive
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-caused by 2 gene pairs (both mom and dad have exact same mutation)
-less likely to "get" it EX. hearing loss, sickle cell anemia -only need ONE WORKING GENE TO SHOW NORMAL EXPRESSION |
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Autosomal Recessive Box
DAD |
25% Normal
50% carrier 25% POSITIVE for gene |
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X-Linked Recessive
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-caused by mutations on X Chromosome
XX-Female XY-Male -NOT Autosome *YOU ONLY NEED ONE WORKING COPY OF A GENE TO SHOW NORMAL EXPRESSION* Ex. hemophilia, dishanes Muscular Distrophy (Males are at HIGHER Risk) -Daughters of effected fathers become carriers |
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Multifactorial inherited conditions
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-give you the tendency
-Nature vs Nurture EX. Diabeties, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Obesity, Alcoholism |
