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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 4 characteristics of a gene
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replication
storage of information expression of information variation by mutation |
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what is the definition of a gene
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DNA segment that contributes to phenotype/function
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what was the overall conclusion of Frederick Griffith's Experiment
-what was his test subject |
Transformation occurred, converting avirulent strains to virulent strains
-he used mice and IIS and IIR |
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what was the conclusion of Avery, McLeod, and McCarthy experiment
-what procedure did they use |
DNA was the transforming factor
-test tube assay (used similar method as Griffith's exp) |
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what was the conclusion of the Hershey-Chase Experiment
-what procedure/test subject was used |
DNA, not protein, was the inheritable genetic material
-T2 phages (proteins labelled with S, DNA labelled with P, bacteriophages allowed to infect and then phage ghosts and infected cells were examined afterwards) |
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what were Chargaff's findings
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Proportions of A-T and C-G
A+C = T+G |
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In the DNA double helix, what is diameter
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20 A
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In the DNA double helix, how many base pairings exist in one complete turn
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10
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In the DNA double helix, what is distance longitudinally of one complete turn
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34 A
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what is the size of the major and minor groove in the DNA double helix
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major: 22 A
minor: 12 A |
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what is the composition of a nucleotide (nucleic acid)
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nitrogenous base
pentose sugar phosphate group |
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what are the purines
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A
G -double ring structure |
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what are the pyramidines
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C
T U -single ring structure |
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how many bonds and what type does A-T and C-G make
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AT = 2
CG = 3 Hydrogen bonds |
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what is order of linking between nucleotides
-what are these bonds called |
-phosphate on 5` links to -OH on 3`
-phosphodiester bonds |
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what is the significance of B-DNA
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biologically significant conformation (follows Watson-Crick model)
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what is A-DNA compared to B-DNA
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more compact
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what is C,D,E,P-DNA compared to B-DNA
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less compact
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what is Z-DNA compared to B-DNA
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left handed double helix
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how do retroviruses replicate their RNA
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contain reverse transcriptase to make DNA from their RNA, and this DNA can be incorporated into the host genome
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what is the purpose of FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization)
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identify chromosomal location of a specific DNA using probes
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how does nucleic acid electrophoresis work
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smaller particles can move more easily through gel (downwards, towards positive sided anode)
-allows the separation of similarly-charged, but different sized molecules |
