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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are common indications for genetic counseling?
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1. Advanced maternal age
2. Families who've had a previous child w/ Down's Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality. 3. Families who've had a prvious child w/ a neural tube defect. 4. Women w/ abnormal screening test during pregnancy. 5. Family Hx of MR 6. One parent w/ balanced chromosomal rearrangement 7. Couples w/ 2 or more spontaneous abortions 8. Women exposed to harmful agents early in pregnancy 9. People in an ethnic group at risk for certain genetic diseases. |
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What occurs during a counseling session?
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1. A family pedigree is drawn based on family medical Hx.
2. Discuss family med Hx as far bas as first cousins & grandparents 3. Review medical records 4. Discussion of the natural Hx of disorder, risk of recurrence, available Tx, preventive measures, prenatal Dx. 5. After session, a written summary sent to pt and referring doctor reviewing the genetic risk and alternative decisions that are possible. |
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Is the routine use of ultrasound recommended for pregnant women judged to be at low risk of pregnancy complication?
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No, but most pregnant women in US have routine ultrasounds.
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What does a basic ultra-sound scan during the first trimester of pregnancy do?
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1. Identifies gestational sac and its location
2. Identifies embryo and crown-rump length 3. Records the fetal number 4. Documents fetal heart activity 5. Evaluates uterus and adnexal structures |
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What type of ultrasound scan is needed to accomplish all the first trimester objectives?
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A transvaginal scan.
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What type of ultrasound scan is usually performed in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?
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A transabdominal scan.
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What does the ultra-sound scan during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters do?
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1. ID's the fetal number, life, and presentation
2. Asseses gestational age 3. Estimates amt of amniotic fluid 4. ID's placental location/appearance 5. Evaluates uterus and adnexal structures 6. Surveys fetal anatomy |
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What are some factors that limit accuracy of ultrasound?
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1. Equipment/Technician's Skills
2. Maternal factors (obesity, scars, etc.) 3. Gestational age 4. Fetal factors (position, oligohydramnios) 5. Time of appearance of anomalies 6. The organ system evaluated |
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When is the ideal time to visualize fetal anatomy w/ ultrasound?
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22-24 weeks gestation
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What type of fetal structures are easily identified?
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Fluid-filled structures.
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Which structures are the most difficult to visualize?
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Soft tissue defects (cardiac anomalies, etc)
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