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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity |
the transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to their children through genes |
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Chromosomes |
store and transmit genetic information |
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Genes |
small segments of DNA located along the chromosomes that affect a particular characteristic or process |
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DNA |
ladder-like pairs of chemicals (bases) that act as a code for genetic information |
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Dominant and Recessive Genes |
When a gene is dominant, the features will appear every time that gene is present When a gene is recessive, it must be pair with a second recessive gene before its effects will be expressed |
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Dominant-Recessive Inheritance |
most genetic disorders are recessive EX: a person needs to get the gene for that disorder from both parents in order to have the disorder |
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Carrier |
Ex: they don't have the disorder or the recessive gene is not expressed because of the dominant gene; however the recessive gene can be passed down to their children because the recessive gene is carried on |
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Fraternal/ Dizygotic |
two zygotes (fertilized eggs) produce two children; 50% genetic similarity |
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Identical/ Monozygotic |
one zygote divides into two children; identical/ 100% genetic similarity |
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Most humans are polygenic |
influenced by more than one gene pair |
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Evolution |
a change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations; A mechanism by which when genetically influenced characteristics of a population may change by 1)Mutation 2)Natural Selection |
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Natural Selection |
individuals with traits that are adaptive in a particular environment tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers these traits then become more common in the population |
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Evolutionary Psychologist |
try to infer which behavioral tendencies may have been selected to overcome human challengs |
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Behavioral genetics |
devoted to uncovering the contributions of nature and nurture to the diversity in human traits and abilities - all contemporary researchers recognize that both hereditary and environment are involved -question=how do nature and nurture work together? |
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Heritability |
portion of individual differences attributable to genetics ranges from 0 to 1.00 |
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Twin Studies |
compare identical twins (100% shared genes, shared environment) with fraternal twins (50% share genes, shared environment) |
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Adoption studies |
compare correlations between traits of adopted children and their adoptive parents (non-shared genes, shared environment) vs. their biological parents or relatives (shared genes, non-shared environment) |
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Twins reared apart |
estimates genes and environmental contributions (100% shared genes, different envronments) |
