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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is source criticism?
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- Documentary Hypothesis (10c. BC- 6c. BC)
- Pentateuch is composed of four separate strands 1. Double naming 2. Doublets 3. Elohim (generic)/ Yahweh (God’s name) 4. Theological differences - Polythoism - Henotheism (monolatry) - Monotheism - Creation of multiple alters Deut. 12 |
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What are the documentary hypothesis and criticism of the source criticism?
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- The classical expression of the documentary hypothesis is associated with J.H Wellhausen’s viewpoint that the Pentateuch is composed of four basic sources. Sources are differentiated based on:
1. The use of different divine names, especially Yahweh (J) and Elohim (E) 2. The existence of doublets (same story that is repeated) 3. Differences of style, including the use of two different names to designate the same person 4. Different theologies |
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What are the four main narrative sources in the Torah?
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Jehovist Source, Elohistic Source, Deuteronomic Source, and Priestly Source
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What were the dates for each narrative source?
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J- 10th century E- 9th century D- 722 B.C and P- 5th or 4th century (exilic/post exilic)
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What is significant about narrative source J?
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J-Jehovist
The use of the covenant name for God Style is clear and direct but its simplicity is that of consummate art ANTHROPOMORPHISM to describe God Genesis God molds man from the clay of the earth and he walks with Adam in the Garden |
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What is significant about narrative source E?
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E-Elohistic source
More generic name Elohim Focuses more on "religious and moralistic" concerns Northern Sites |
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What is significant about narrative source D?
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D-The Deuteronomic Source
Derives from Deuteronomy Core of the book is often identified as the document that was found in the temple during the reign of Josiah |
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What is the significant about the narrative source P?
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P- Priestly source
Concerned with geneology, ritual, worship, and law areas easily associated with the priesthood Reflects postexilic order of the priesthood and time period that concerns with obedience of the law |
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Who is Astruc?
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- Questioned the coherence of Genesis through Deuteronomy
- (1684-1766) J. Astruc was a physician who developed a simple criterion to differentiate two sources he believed were used in the composition of Genesis - By differentiating these sources on the basis of the use of the two names for God (Elohim and Yahweh) he attempted to defend the Mosaic authorship of Genesis. |
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Who is Wellhausen?
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- J.H Wellhausen (1800’s) during the pivotal decade in the development of the historical-critical approach to the Pentateuch
- Published book Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels - Work had massive influence because, for the first time, was able to associate the history of the development of the Pentateuch with the history of the development of Israelite religion - Convinced most of the leading scholars of Europe, England, and America - Argued the Pentateuch was composed of 4 books: JEDP - Could be differentiated from one another on the basis of the following criteria: 1. Use of the different divine names (Yahweh and Elohim) 2. The existence of doublets- the same basic story that is repeated more than once, though different characters may be involved 3. Differences of style 4. Different theologies |
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What is Postmosaica?
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Postmosaica: certain passages in the Torah that were added after Moses’ death
1.Deutronomy 34: the narrative of the death of Moses 2. Genesis 11:31- Abraham's Ur with the Chaldeans 3. Genesis 14:14- Mentions Dan, an ancient city known by this name only much later |
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What is Amosaica?
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Amosaica: passages that awkward if they are ascribed Moses
1.Numbers 12:3 refers to Moses as the most humble man who ever lived |
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What is the Toledot?
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- Toledoth formula clearly displays the structure intended by the author of the final form of the text
- Hebrew phrase occurs 11 times - Been translated in many ways, including “these are the generations”, “this is the family history”, and “this is the account.” - Followed by a personal name, with the exception of the first occurrence, which names instead the “heavens and earth” - Example: Narrative divides into the following sections: “these are the generations of” Adam, Noah, Noah’s sons, Shem, Terah, Ishmal, Isaac, Esau, Jacob. Thus the book of Genesis has a prologue (1:3-2:3), followed by ten episodes |
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Why is the Toledot important?
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This device provides a sense of unity to the book of Genesis that cuts across the hypothetical sources discussed in the previous section
- Associate formula with P (Priestly source) |
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What do we mean by the essential Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch?
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-Since there are what appear to be obvious later additions, many conservatives speak in terms of “essential authorship” of Moses.
-Affirms Moses as the author of the Torah, while also leaving open the possibility of later canonical additions |
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What is the four part symphony of Scripture?
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A. Creation (1-2)
B. Fall (3) C. Redemption (1-Rev 20) Bible is often referred to as history of redemption D. Consummation/Re-Creation (Rev 21-22) |
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Describe the four-part structure of the narrative in Genesis 4-11
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1. Sin
2. Speech 3. Mitigation 4. Punishment -Presents stories that emphasizes the sin and rebellion of God’s creatures - Westernmann (1948) shows pattern of sin, followed by judgment speech, then the execution of God’s judgment: |
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What is the Gilgamesh Epic?
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- Gilgamesh (2500BC): King of Uruk
- Citizens complain that he was beating up the young men of the town and sleeping with brides on their honeymoon nights - Citizens pray to their gods who bless with Enkidu (wilderness man) who sleeps with prostitute, comes into town and wrestles Gilgamesh - Gilgamesh and Enkidu go out on adventures - Ishtar (goddess of love and war) tells her father Anu to kill Gilgamesh when he rejects her advances - Anu kills Enkidu—Gilgamesh sets out to look for eternal life - Similarities with the flood - Ancient flood myths recorded in the eleventh tablet of the Gilgamesh Epic - Divine anger leads to global destruction by means of a flood - Utnapishtim- Babylonian Noah is the only human to be given eternal life; escapes on ark - Enlil (God) wanted to destroy humanity because of overpopulation - Ea (God of wisdom) worries about where they will get their food (human sacrifices) - To check whether it is safe to disembark, Utnapishtim releases three birds - Flood turns out to be a bad idea because the gods depend on the sacrifices of human beings for food - Some believe the biblical text is a rewrite of the Babylonian original Relationship between two stories: 1.There was a flood what became oral tradition, broke into groups who believed in God and didn’t after flood 2.Flood is human sin followed by God’s grace and punishment |
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What does it mean to be created in the image of God?
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- Being created in the image of God doesn’t suggest that man resembles God in physical appearance but that the resemblance is with regard to aspects God’s essential nature.
- It is only a “likeness” not total equality - The passage seems to imply that part of the “likeness” and “image” is with regard to rulership over creation: man is greater than the rest of creation but less than God |
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How and Why does the Abraham story illustrate the life of faith?
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His life shows how God works out his promises in spite of obstacles and threats to their fulfillment in order to show that they are divine gifts.
Example: Issac |
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What threats arise to the fullfillment of the promise to Abraham?
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A famine forces him to flee to Egypt. There was nothing to sustain him in the land of Canaan
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What are the promises given to Abraham?
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1. Get land and become a numerous people
2. Promise of blessing, bless Abraham and descendants and through Abraham will bless the whole world |
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How does God reassure Abraham?
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God appears in fire and smoke and reminds Abraham of the promises.
God in his grace comes to Abraham several times in order to confirm his intention to fulfull his promises. By waiting until Abraham and Sarah’s extreme old age to give them a child, God demonstrates that this child is truly a divine gift |
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What is Abraham's lifestyle like?
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Nomadic
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What is the significance of Nuzi and Mari?
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Sites where Tablets were found that reveal the laws and customs of the day
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What is the theme of the Joseph narrative and how is it played out?
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Theme: God overrules the wicked intentions of men and women in order to save his people
- Joseph’s story continues the theme of the patriarchal narratives-God overcomes obstacles to the fulfillment of the promise - God reveals himself in the life and story of Joseph to be a God in control of even the details of history. - God overrules the evil intentions of his brothers and others and raised him to a position within the government in order to bring about the salvation of his family and the continuation of the covenant promise - |
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What are some Christlike perspectives on the Bible that can be embraced to read it according to the intention of its divine Author?
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1. Approaching the bible as God's word
2. Reading the Bible as a guide for living 3. Interpreting the Bible with Christlike humility |
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What are some disorting lenses through which we read the Bible?
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1. A treasure chest of golden truths
(Bible as a loose collection of inspiring phrases) 2. A grab bag of promises and comforts (Dips into the Bible only for the comforting promises of God) 3. A compilation of riddles and secrets (Not a book of riddles that needs to be solved) 4. A tailsman with magical powers (Bible as a magical charm to keep close in times of trial or danger) |
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What are few disciplines that will "grind our spiritual lenses"?
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1. The dialogue of prayer
2. The quietness of contemplation 3. The saturation of personal experience |
