Genes Science Keywords

Front 1

Allele

Back 1

Alternative forms of the same gene. For example, the gene controlling flower colour has yellow and white alleles

Hint 1

Alternative same gene

Front 2

Antibody

Back 2

A protein produced by white blood cells in response to infection. It finds disease-causing organisms such as pathogens so they can be destroyed by special cells called phagocytes

Hint 2

Protein white blood cells infection. Finds disease-causing organisms destroyed by special cells called...

Front 3

Asexual reproduction

Back 3

Reproduction in which genes are passed on from only one parent

Hint 3

Genes passed on one parent

Front 4

Bases

Back 4

The four bases - Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) - make up the 'rungs' of the DNA 'ladder'. In DNA, the bases pair with each other: A with T, C with G

Hint 4

ACGT - Rungs of the DNA ladder. A -> T; C -> G.

Front 5

Cancer

Back 5

The result of the rapid uncontrolled growth of cells. These cells form tumours which may spread and invade other organs

Hint 5

Rapid uncontrolled growth tumours spread invade

Front 6

Carrier

Back 6

A person whose cells has both a normal and faulty allele. Symptomless carriers show no signs of the genetic disorder they are carrying

Hint 6

Cells normal and faulty allele. Symptomless no signs of disorder carrying

Front 7

Cell

Back 7

The basic 'unit of life', consisting of a nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane

Hint 7

Unit of life nucleus cytoplasm membrane

Front 8

Chromosomes

Back 8

Thread-like structures in the nucleus made up of strings of genes

Hint 8

Thread-like nucleus genes

Front 9

Clone

Back 9

A group of genetically identical plants or animals produced asexually from one parent

Hint 9

Genetically identical produced asexually one parent

Front 10

Cystic fibrosis

Back 10

A genetic disorder in which the person produces abnormal, sticky mucus in their lungs

Hint 10

Genetic disorder abnormal sticky mucus lungs

Front 11

Designer babies

Back 11

Offspring produced with particular characteristics using either genetic modification or embryo screening

Hint 11

Produced particular characteristics using GM or embryo screening

Front 12

DNA

Back 12

A chemical containing the code which tells a cell how to develop. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

Hint 12

Chemical code cell develop. DNA stands for...

Front 13

DNA fingerprint

Back 13

A pattern of bands produced when short lengths of DNA are separated using an electric current

Hint 13

Bands short lengths DNA separated current

Front 14

Dominant

Back 14

An allele which overrides other alleles of a gene so that their effects are hidden

Hint 14

Overrides other alleles effects hidden

Front 15

Embryo screening

Back 15

Selecting embryos with particular characteristics, usually to eliminate a genetic disorder

Hint 15

Selecting particular characteristics eliminate disorder

Front 16

Fertilisation

Back 16

When the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) - such as an ovum and a sperm cell - join together

Hint 16

Nuclei gametes join

Front 17

Forensics

Back 17

The medical knowledge used in the detection of crime

Hint 17

Medical knowledge used detection crime

Front 18

Gamete

Back 18

A sex cell; for example an ovum or sperm. Gametes carry only one copy of an allele

Hint 18

____ cell, for example... Carry one allele

Front 19

Gene

Back 19

A piece of DNA that contains the instructions needed for a particular characteristic, such as eye colour

Hint 19

Piece of DNA instructions particular characteristic

Front 20

Gene therapy

Back 20

Replacing faulty alleles with working copies of the affected gene

Hint 20

Replacing faulty with working of affected

Front 21

Generation

Back 21

A term used to describe the descendents of a pair of individuals

Hint 21

Term describe descendents pair of individuals

Front 22

Genetics

Back 22

The science concerning the inheritance of characteristics

Hint 22

Science inheritance characteristics

Front 23

Human Genome Project (HGP)

Back 23

A project, began in 1990, which set out to map the human genetic code by working out the sequence of the genes in human DNA

Hint 23

Project 1990 set out map genetic code working out sequence genes in DNA

Front 24

Inheritance

Back 24

A term used to describe the passing of genes from parents to offspring

Hint 24

Term describe passing genes parents offspring

Front 25

Liposomes

Back 25

A small fat-like droplet which can be used to deliver working genes to cells in gene therapy

Hint 25

Small fat-like droplet deliver working genes to cells gene thereapy

Front 26

Nucleus

Back 26

The part of a cell which contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes

Hint 26

Part contains genetic material chromosomes

Front 27

Recessive

Back 27

An allele whose effects are hidden by the presence of a dominant allele. A recessive allele must be inherited from both parents in order to show its effects in the offspring

Hint 27

Effects hidden presence dominant allele. Inherited both parents show effect offspring

Front 28

Sexual reproduction

Back 28

Reproduction in which half the genes are inherited from each of two parents

Hint 28

Reproduction half genes inherited two parents

Front 29

Stem cell

Back 29

Cells which continue to divide and which have the ability to replace cells in all types of tissue

Hint 29

Continue to divide ability replace cells all types tissue

Front 30

Transgenic

Back 30

A term applied to an organism containing genes taken from another species

Hint 30

Term applied organism containing genes another species

Front 31

Transplant

Back 31

A term used to describe an organ which has been donated by one organism and inserted into the body of another, such as a kidney transplant

Hint 31

Term describe organ donated one organism inserted body of another

Front 32

Variation

Back 32

This describes the differences shown in a group of organisms; for example fur colour and flower colour

Hint 32

Describes differences in group of organisms

Front 33

Virus

Back 33

A simple particle that enters and affects cells. Mild viruses such as the adenovirus, which causes the common cold, may be modified and used to put working copies of genes into faulty cells

Hint 33

Simple particle enters affects cells. Mild viruses modified put working copies of genes into faulty cells