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33 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Allele
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Alternative forms of the same gene. For example, the gene controlling flower colour has yellow and white alleles
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Alternative same gene
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Antibody
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A protein produced by white blood cells in response to infection. It finds disease-causing organisms such as pathogens so they can be destroyed by special cells called phagocytes
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Protein white blood cells infection. Finds disease-causing organisms destroyed by special cells called...
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Asexual reproduction
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Reproduction in which genes are passed on from only one parent
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Genes passed on one parent
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Bases
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The four bases - Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) - make up the 'rungs' of the DNA 'ladder'. In DNA, the bases pair with each other: A with T, C with G
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ACGT - Rungs of the DNA ladder. A -> T; C -> G.
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Cancer
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The result of the rapid uncontrolled growth of cells. These cells form tumours which may spread and invade other organs
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Rapid uncontrolled growth tumours spread invade
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Carrier
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A person whose cells has both a normal and faulty allele. Symptomless carriers show no signs of the genetic disorder they are carrying
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Cells normal and faulty allele. Symptomless no signs of disorder carrying
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Cell
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The basic 'unit of life', consisting of a nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
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Unit of life nucleus cytoplasm membrane
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Chromosomes
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Thread-like structures in the nucleus made up of strings of genes
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Thread-like nucleus genes
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Clone
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A group of genetically identical plants or animals produced asexually from one parent
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Genetically identical produced asexually one parent
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Cystic fibrosis
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A genetic disorder in which the person produces abnormal, sticky mucus in their lungs
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Genetic disorder abnormal sticky mucus lungs
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Designer babies
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Offspring produced with particular characteristics using either genetic modification or embryo screening
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Produced particular characteristics using GM or embryo screening
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DNA
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A chemical containing the code which tells a cell how to develop. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
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Chemical code cell develop. DNA stands for...
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DNA fingerprint
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A pattern of bands produced when short lengths of DNA are separated using an electric current
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Bands short lengths DNA separated current
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Dominant
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An allele which overrides other alleles of a gene so that their effects are hidden
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Overrides other alleles effects hidden
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Embryo screening
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Selecting embryos with particular characteristics, usually to eliminate a genetic disorder
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Selecting particular characteristics eliminate disorder
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Fertilisation
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When the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) - such as an ovum and a sperm cell - join together
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Nuclei gametes join
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Forensics
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The medical knowledge used in the detection of crime
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Medical knowledge used detection crime
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Gamete
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A sex cell; for example an ovum or sperm. Gametes carry only one copy of an allele
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____ cell, for example... Carry one allele
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Gene
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A piece of DNA that contains the instructions needed for a particular characteristic, such as eye colour
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Piece of DNA instructions particular characteristic
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Gene therapy
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Replacing faulty alleles with working copies of the affected gene
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Replacing faulty with working of affected
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Generation
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A term used to describe the descendents of a pair of individuals
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Term describe descendents pair of individuals
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Genetics
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The science concerning the inheritance of characteristics
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Science inheritance characteristics
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Human Genome Project (HGP)
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A project, began in 1990, which set out to map the human genetic code by working out the sequence of the genes in human DNA
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Project 1990 set out map genetic code working out sequence genes in DNA
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Inheritance
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A term used to describe the passing of genes from parents to offspring
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Term describe passing genes parents offspring
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Liposomes
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A small fat-like droplet which can be used to deliver working genes to cells in gene therapy
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Small fat-like droplet deliver working genes to cells gene thereapy
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Nucleus
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The part of a cell which contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes
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Part contains genetic material chromosomes
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Recessive
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An allele whose effects are hidden by the presence of a dominant allele. A recessive allele must be inherited from both parents in order to show its effects in the offspring
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Effects hidden presence dominant allele. Inherited both parents show effect offspring
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Sexual reproduction
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Reproduction in which half the genes are inherited from each of two parents
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Reproduction half genes inherited two parents
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Stem cell
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Cells which continue to divide and which have the ability to replace cells in all types of tissue
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Continue to divide ability replace cells all types tissue
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Transgenic
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A term applied to an organism containing genes taken from another species
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Term applied organism containing genes another species
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Transplant
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A term used to describe an organ which has been donated by one organism and inserted into the body of another, such as a kidney transplant
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Term describe organ donated one organism inserted body of another
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Variation
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This describes the differences shown in a group of organisms; for example fur colour and flower colour
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Describes differences in group of organisms
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Virus
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A simple particle that enters and affects cells. Mild viruses such as the adenovirus, which causes the common cold, may be modified and used to put working copies of genes into faulty cells
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Simple particle enters affects cells. Mild viruses modified put working copies of genes into faulty cells
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