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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Surface area to volume ratio equation |
Surface are to volume ratio = surface area ——————— Volume |
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State the formula for fick's law |
Rate of diffusion = surface area X difference in concentration ————————————— Thickness of gas exchange surface |
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Features that maximises the rate of diffusion the lungs have. |
•large surface area of the alveoli •numerous capillaries around the alveoli •thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries provide a short distance between air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries |
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Factor affecting the rate of diffusion |
•Concentration gradient (difference in concentration across the surface) •thickness of the gas exchange surface (the distance over which diffusion occurs) •surface area (the area over which diffusion takes place) |
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Functions of proteins |
•antibodies •enzymes •many hormones |
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What are proteins |
•made up of 20 amino acids •these are in the residual group |
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Amino acid structure |
The side chain/ residual group makes the 20 different amino acids |
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What are the functions of proteins |
1) haemoglobin- oxygen transport 2)enzymes- speeding up chemical reactions 3) antibodies- defence 4) keratin- hair, nails, horn |
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Formation of dipeptides and polypeptides |
Condensation reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. The bond which joins the amino acids is a peptide bond. |
Produces H2O |
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4 types of boding |
1) hydrogen bonds- a weak bond, but if it occurs frequently it can add to molecular stability. Easily broken down, by too high temperatures for example.
2) ionic bonds- susceptible to changes in pH (e.g. Enzyme structure is affected by changes in pH)
3)disulphides bonds- a strong bond between amino acids which have sulphur in their R groups
4) hydrophobic interactions- some R groups are non- polar, and so are arranged so they face the inside of the protein molecules, as they are water repealing. Water is thus excluded from the centre of the protein molecules |
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What is the primary structure |
The number and sequence of amino acids in a poly peptide/ protein. The primary structure determines the overall shape of the polypeptide And therefore it's function. |
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