The Functions Of The Nervous System

Front 1

Anterior

Back 1

"Towards the rear"

Front 2

Area postrema

Back 2

Toxic substances in the blood enter the area postrema and it responds by inducing vomit; this empties the stomach, which is the most likely source of the poison.

Front 3

Association cortex

Back 3

Carries out further processing beyond what the primary projection area does, and often combines information from other senses.

Front 4

Autonomic nervous system

Back 4

Primarily motor; its sensory pathways provide internal information for regulating its own operations. The ANS is composed of two branches, the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.

Front 5

Basal ganglia

Back 5

A group of subcortical structures deep in the frontal lobes that smooth movements.

Front 6

Blood-brain barrier

Back 6

Is called on constantly to prevent harmful substances from entering the brain.

Front 7

Broca's area

Back 7

Controls speech and provides grammatical structure to language.

Front 8

Central nervous system (CNS)

Back 8

The brain and the spinal cord.

Front 9

Central sulcus

Back 9

The location of the primary motor cortex, which controls voluntary (nonreflexive) movement.

Front 10

Cerebellum

Back 10

Refines movements initiated by the motor cortex by controlling their speed intensity, and direction.

Front 11

Cerebral commissures

Back 11

Carries information between the hemispheres.

Front 12

Cerebral hemisphere

Back 12

Dominate the brains appearance left and right.

Front 13

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 13

Carries material from the blood vessels to the central nervous system, and transports waste material in other directions.

Front 14

Circuit formation

Back 14

Developing neutrons to send processes to their target cells and form functional connections.

Front 15

Circuit prunning

Back 15

The neurons that are unsuccessful in finding a place on a target cell, or that arrive late, die in the first step of circuit prunning

Front 16

Compensation

Back 16

Non-neural improvements comes about as swelling diminishes and glia remove dead neurons.

Front 17

Corpus callosum

Back 17

This is the largest part of the cerebral commissures, which carry information between the hemisphere.

Front 18

Cortex

Back 18

The outer surface of the brain made up on mostly of the cell bodies on neurons; because cell bodies are not myelinated, the cortex looks greyish In color, which is why it is referred to as grey matter.

Front 19

Cranial nerves

Back 19

Enter and leave the underside of the brain, and the spinal nerves that connect to the sides of the spinal cord at each vertebra.

Front 20

Dorsal

Back 20

"Towards the back"

Front 21

Dorsal root

Back 21

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root of each spinal nerve.

Front 22

Equipotentiality

Back 22

Holds brain functions as an undifferentiated whole.

Front 23

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Back 23

Often produces mental retardation, is caused by the mother's use of alcohol during a critical period of brain development.

Front 24

Fissure

Back 24

He longitudinal fissure that runs the length of the brain seperate athe two cerebral hemispheres.

Front 25

Frontal lobe

Back 25

The anterior to (in front of) the central sulcus and superior to (above) the lateral fissure.

Front 26

Ganglion 60

Back 26

A Groupon cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

Front 27

Growth cone 79

Back 27

Axons produce growth cones at their tip which sample the environment for directional cues.

Front 28

Gyrus 61

Back 28

The surface of the brain is convoluted by many ridges and grooves that give it a very wrinkled appearance, each ridge is called a gyrus.

Front 29

Hydrocephalus 86

Back 29

Occurs when the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked and accumilating fluid interferes with the brains growth, producing severe retardation

Front 30

Hypothalamus 68

Back 30

A smaller structure just below the thalamus, plays a major role in controlling the internal environment, and in motivated behaviours and emotions.

Front 31

Inferior 64

Back 31

Below another structure

Front 32

Inferior colliculi 71

Back 32

Make up the tectum and participates in visual and auditory functions, respectively.

Front 33

Inferior temporal cortex 66

Back 33

Located in the lower part of the lobe as the name implies, plays a major role in the visual identification of objects.

Front 34

Lateral 65

Back 34

from the inside to outwards

Front 35

Limbic system 69

Back 35

A group of forebrain structures that have roles in emotion, motivated behaviour, and learning.

Front 36

Lobotomy 64

Back 36

A surgical procedure that disconnected the prefrontal areas from the rest of the brain.

Front 37

Localisation 72

Back 37

The idea that specific parts of the brain carry out specific functions.

Front 38

Longitudinal fissure 61

Back 38

Runs the length of the brain seperate she two cerbal hemispheres.

Front 39

Medial 64

Back 39

"Toward the middle"

Front 40

Medulla 71

Back 40

Forms the lower part of the hindbrain; its nuclei are involved with control of essential life processes such as cardiovascular activity and respiration (breathing).

Front 41

Meninges 71

Back 41

Protective three layered membrane called this.

Front 42

Midbrain 71

Back 42

Consists of the tectum (roof) on the dorsal side and the tegmentum on the ventral side.

Front 43

Migrate 79

Back 43

Moving from the ventricular zone outward to their final location. To do so, the cells climb specialised radial glial cells that provide a sort of scaffold.

Front 44

Motor cortex 63

Back 44

Located in the primary motor cortex, which controls voluntary (nonfelexive) movement.

Front 45

Neglect 65

Back 45

A disorder in which the person ignores objects, other people and activity on the opposite side of the damaged side.

Front 46

Nerve 60

Back 46

A bundle of axons running together like a multi-wire cable.

Front 47

Neurogenesis 85

Back 47

The birth of new neurons.

Front 48

Neurotrophins 82

Back 48

Chemicals that enhance development and survival in neurons.

Front 49

Nucleus 60

Back 49

A group of cell bodies called a nucleus in the Central Nervous system

Front 50

Occipital lobe 68

Back 50

The location of the visual cortex, where visual information is processed.

Front 51

Parasympathetic nervous system 76

Back 51

Slows the activity of most organs to conserve energy. Resting or conserving energy.

Front 52

Parietal lobe 65

Back 52

Located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe. Contains the somatosensory cortex, which processes skin senses and sensory information about body position and movement.

Front 53

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 60

Back 53

Made up of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Front 54

Pineal gland 69

Back 54

Attached to a flexible stalk just below the hemispheres. Secretes melatonin, which induces sleep.

Front 55

Pituitary gland 68

Back 55

Master gland😎 Secretes hormones which affects the external invironment by reaching and controlling other endocrine glands

Front 56

Plasticity 82

Back 56

The ability to be modified

Front 57

Pons 71

Back 57

contains centres related to sleep and arousal. Sensory neurons pass through it on their way to the thalamus.