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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TATA Box |
Transcription initiation complex binds here |
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Pre-RNA processing includes: |
5' capping and polyadenylation at the tail |
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Ribosomes |
Builds proteins by holding mRNA and tRNA in position to enable translation |
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tRNA |
Binds to an mRNA codon to deliver the corresponding amino acid |
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Event that signals the termination of translation |
Ribosomes reached the end of the mRNA |
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Peptidyl transferase |
Binds the amino acids |
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30s |
Smaller subunit of ribosome Bind to mRNA and then 50s subunit binds to it |
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Iniation Factor 1 |
Binds at the A-site of the 30s subunit |
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Entire bacterial ribosome |
70s |
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AUG |
Start codon |
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Anticodon |
The sequence on a tRNA that binds to a codon on mRNA |
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UAA, UAG, UGA |
Stop codons |
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U1 |
Protein in snRNA that binds to GU donor site |
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U2 |
protein in snRNA that binds to the A branch point |
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RNA polymerase 2 |
Promotor Proximal elements. Core promotor GC Box. CAT Box. TATA Box. Iniation |
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GC Box |
Found at around -90 upstream from gene to be copied |
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CAT Box |
Found at around -75 base pairs upstream from gene to be copied |
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TATA Box |
Found at around -30 base pairs upstream from the gene to be copied |
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Polycistronic |
More that one gene on a price of mRNA |
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Central Dogma of biology |
Replication of DNA by replisome Transcription by RNA Polymerase Translation by ribosomes |
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Replication |
The copying of DNA template stands by the replisome |
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Transcription |
The formation of mRNA from a DNA template |
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Translation |
The formation of a protein by reading the mRNA |
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Prokaryote |
Cells with no nucleus Bacteria and Archaea |
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Eukaryote |
Have membrane bound nucleus and organelles |
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Transformation |
The uptake of "naked" DNA |
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Transduction |
Bacteriophagic transfer of double stranded DNA |
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DNA was first discovered in... |
Bacteria |
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Griffith experiment |
Showed the rough pneumococcal bacteria could transform in the presence of "naked" DNA from smooth pneumococcal bacteria |
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Avery experiment |
Showed that the pneumococcal bacteria were transformed by DNA, not protein |
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Hersey-Chase experiment |
Labeled bacteriophage with either radioactive DNA or radioactive protein to show that the generic material that is transferred is DNA |
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Guanine |
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Thymine |
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Cytosine |
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Uracil |
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Adenine |
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Pyrimidines |
Single ring nucleic acids CUT the PYe Cytosine Uracil Thymine |
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Purines |
Double ring nucleic acids PURe As Gold rings Adenine Guanine |
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Ribose |
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Deoxyribose |
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Direction of replication |
5'-3' |
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Direction of translation |
5'-3' |
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Direction of transcription |
5'-3' |
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Width of DNA double helix |
20 Å |
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Distance between base pairs |
3.4 Å |
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Length of helical turn |
34 Å |
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Number of base pairs in one helical turn |
10 |
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Method of compaction of DNA in prokaryotes |
Super-coiling |
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Method of compaction of DNA in eukaryotes |
Histones forming a nucleosome |
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DNA polymerase 3 |
Adds nucleotides to template strand of parent DNA |
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E subunit of DNA polymerase 3 |
3'-5' exonuclease activity Removed mismatched base pairs and fixes mistakes |
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a subunit of DNA polymerase 3 |
Catalytic proteins |
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B clamp |
Part of DNA polymerase 3 |
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DNA ligase |
Forms phosphodiester bind between nucleotides after RNA primer is removed |
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DNA polymerase 1 |
Removes RNA primers and inserts DNA to fill gap |
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Okazki fragments |
Chunks of DNA produced by the lagging stand during replication Start with an RNA primer |
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Reverse transcription |
The formation of DNA using RNA as a template |
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RNA polymerase |
Catalyzes RNA synthesis in the 5'-3' direction |
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holoenzyme |
Consists of 2 alpha proteins A beta and a beta prime proteins An omega protein A sigma protein |
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Major types of RNA |
mRNA tRNA rRNA snRNA |
