General Science Mod. 13

Front 1

Define the following terms, Digestion

Back 1

The process by which an
organism breaks down its food into small units which can be absorbed

Front 2

Define the following terms
Vitamin

Back 2

chemical substance essential for the normal working of the human body

Front 3

For the TONGUE, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? If it is a part of the digestive system, what iS(are) its function or functions?

Back 3

The tongue is a part of the digestive system and a part of the digestive tract. It moves the food around in the mouth to form the bolus. It also provides a sense of taste, but that’s more a
part of its nervous system function.

Front 4

For the LARYNX, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 4

The larynx is not a part of the digestive system

Front 5

For the TRACHEA, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 5

The trachea is not a part of the digestive system.

Front 6

For the pancreas, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 6

The pancreas is a part of the digestive system but not a part of the digestive tract. It has two
main functions. It makes several digestive juices which are squirted into the small intestine as
chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter. In addition, it also produces a base to neutralize the
stomach acid. The base is called sodium bicarbonate, but you do not have to know that.

Front 7

For the stomach, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 7

The stomach is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It churns and mixes the
food with gastric juices. The gastric juices contain stomach acid which destroys bacteria that
might have been eaten with the food and helps dissolve the food. The gastric juices also contain
some digestive chemicals that start the chemical digestion of the food. This turns the bolus of
food into chyme.

Front 8

For the small intestine, answer the following
questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 8

The small intestine is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It chemically
digests the food and allows the nutrients to be absorbed through its lining.

Front 9

For the rectum, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 9

The rectum is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It pushes food out of the
body through the anus

Front 10

For the salivary glands , answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 10

The salivary glands are a part of the digestive system. Technically, they are not part of the
digestive tract because food does not pass through them. Don’t worry if you got that wrong.
They put saliva in the mouth. The saliva partially digests the food, but it also lubricates the
mouth and makes it easier for the tongue to form the bolus.

Front 11

For the pharynx, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 11

The pharynx is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It pushes food into the
esophagus

Front 12

For the esophagus, answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 12

The esophagus is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It pushes food down
into the stomach

Front 13

For the lungs , answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 13

The lungs are not a part of the digestive system.

Front 14

For the liver , answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 14

The liver is a part of the digestive system but not a part of the digestive tract. It has many
functions. The most important digestion-related functions are making bile, converting
monosaccharides to glycogen for storage, breaking glycogen down when the body needs energy,
storing amino acids, storing fats, and converting fats and amino acids into monosaccharides
when the body needs energy. The liver has many other functions, but those are the ones I want
you to remember.

Front 15

For the gall bladder , answer the following questions. Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract?
If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 15

The gall bladder is a part of the digestive system but not a part of the digestive tract. It
concentrates bile and squirts the bile into the chyme as the chyme enters the small intestine. Bile
is a chemical that aids in the digestion of fats.

Front 16

For the large intestine , answer the following questions: Is it a part of the digestive system? If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 16

The large intestine is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It consolidates
undigested food, absorbs water from it, and turns the resulting waste into feces. Bacteria in the large intestine also produce vitamin K.

Front 17

For the appendix, answer the following questions: Is it a part of the digestive system? If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 17

The appendix is a part of the digestive system. It is not a part of the digestive tract. You might have thought that it was since it is attached to the large intestine, butit is not. It sort of “hangs” off the large intestine and food never passes through it. Its function is not known.
Many think that it is a highly-specialized disease-fighting organ.

Front 18

For the anus , answer the following questions: Is it a part of the digestive system? If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? If it is a part of the digestive system, what is (are) its function or functions?

Back 18

The anus is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It is the opening through which feces exit

Front 19

What keeps food from going down into your larynx?

Back 19

The epiglottis covers the larynx when you swallow. It stays open when you breathe.

Front 20

What would happen to the digestive process if the pancreas stopped making the base that it uses to
neutralize stomach acid?

Back 20

The digestive process would essentially stop in the small intestine, because the
digestive chemicals in the small intestine cannot work in the presence of acid.

Front 21

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Back 21

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.

Front 22

Which vitamins (fat-soluble or water-soluble) are the most likely to build up to toxic levels in the body if you take too many?

Back 22

The fat-soluble vitamins are the most likely to build up to toxic levels, as the water-soluble vitamins can be ejected from the body through the urine.

Front 23

What kind of role do most vitamins play in the body?

Back 23

Vitamins typically regulate the chemical processes in the body.

Front 24

Which two vitamins can the body absorb without eating food that contains those vitamins?

Back 24

Vitamins D and K. Vitamin D is made from sunlight hitting the skin, and vitamin K is made by bacteria in the large intestine.