General Psychology (Quiz 4)

Front 1

According to behaviorists, __________ is any relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior that occurs because of experience.

1) extinction

2) higher-order conditioning

3) acquisition

4) learning

Back 1

4

Front 2

Cognitive psychologists define learning as a ___________ change that may or may not be associated with a ___________ change.

1) mental; behavioral

2) behavioral; mental

3) positive; behavioral

4) behavioral; negative

Back 2

1

Front 3

Ivan Pavlov is best known for his research in

1) operant conditioning.

2) classical conditioning.

3) insight learning.

4) contingency theory.

Back 3

2

Front 4

The reasons that Ivan Pavlov’s dogs began salivating in response to an assistant entering the laboratory, was because

1) the assistant made a noise every time they entered the room.

2) the assistant had previously brought food to the animal.

3) the dogs had been conditioned through association.

4) Both b and c are correct.

Back 4

4

Front 5

A conditioned response is a(n)

1) reflexive reaction to meat powder.

2) learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

3) neutral stimulus that elicits a response.

4) operant reaction to a bell.

Back 5

2

Front 6

__________ usually takes only one trial to condition successfully.

1) Operant conditioning

2) Taste aversion

3) Classical conditioning

4) Lever pressing

Back 6

2

Front 7

Reinforcing successive steps towards a behavioral goal is called

1) molding.

2) shaping.

3) creating.

4) forming.

Back 7

2

Front 8

George Miller found that the average person is able to keep about _______ digits in mind at a time.

1) twelve

2) ten

3) seven

4) three

Back 8

3

Front 9

The processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved is called

1) priming.

2) memory.

3) learning.

4) cueing.

Back 9

2

Front 10

Aaron has just been given a telephone number of a woman with whom he wants to schedule a date, but he doesn’t have anything to write the number down on. If he does not rehearse the telephone number, how long does he have to find paper and pencil before he can no longer remember it?

1) less than a second

2) up to 3 seconds

3) around 10 seconds

Back 10

3

Front 11

Which of the following is NOT
true regarding long-term memory?

1) It is analogous to a biochemical “hard drive.”

2) The capacity is unlimited.

3) There is a tendency to replace new information with old information.

4) Forgetting may be the inability to find the right cues to retrieve a memory.

Back 11

3

Front 12

The vivid, detailed recollection of what you were doing when you learned about an emotionally arousing event, like the attacks of September 11, 2001, is called

1) flashbulb memory.

2) semantic memory.

3) flashback memory.

4) hot flashes.

Back 12

1

Front 13

A student taking a multiple-choice exam generally relies on the ______ memory task.

1) paired association

2) recall

3) relearning

4) recognition

Back 13

4

Front 14

Walking away from a problem temporarily can allow for _________ to help overcome mental sets that interfere with finding the correction solution.

1) industry.

2) incantation.

3) influence.

4) incubation.

Back 14

4

Front 15

The babbling of infants in all cultures sounds much the same, but by 9 or 10 months of age,

1) children from industrialized cultures display a greater variety of sounds.

2) inborn factors result in cultural differences in languages.

3) infants repeat the sounds used in the home.

4) holophrases are uttered.

Back 15

3

Front 16

Crying, cooing, and babbling are prelinguistic activities that are

1) inborn.

2) learned.

3) shaped by experience.

4) different in different cultures.

Back 16

1

Front 17

The mental activity involved in understanding, processing, and communicating information is called

1) thinking.

2) memory.

3) learning.

4) consciousness.

Back 17

1

Front 18

One advantage of the Wechsler scales is that they

1) focus exclusively on adult intelligence.

2) are divided into 100 subtests, each containing 100 questions.

3) are administered in groups to children, adolescents, or adults.

4) highlight children’s relative strengths and weaknesses, as well as measure overall intellectual functioning.

Back 18

4

Front 19

According to the Wechsler scales, the middle 50% of scores fall within the “broad average range.” This is

1) 90 to 110.

2) 85 to 115.

3) 80 to 110.

4) 80 to 115.

Back 19

1

Front 20

Preschool intervention programs have been found to

1) improve children’s IQ scores.

2) increase the likelihood of children going to college.

3) improve children’s chances of happy marriages.

4) a and b

Back 20

4

Front 21

A slot machine is an example of a

1) variable ratio schedule.

2) fixed ratio schedule.

3) fixed interval schedule.

4) variable interval schedule.

Back 21

1

Front 22

You are paid $29 for every five doghouses that you paint. This is an example of

1) variable ratio schedule.

2) fixed ratio schedule.

3) fixed interval schedule.

4) variable interval schedule

Back 22

2

Front 23

You are taking notes, while listening to a lecture. The sensory register holds the information as ______ in your ______ memory.

1) echoes; iconic

2) echoes; echoic

3) icons; eidetic

4) echoes; eidetic

Back 23

2

Front 24

In __________ amnesia, there are memory lapses for the period following a trauma such as a blow to the head, electric shock, or a surgical operation.

1) infantile

2) anterograde

3) dissociative

4) retrograde

Back 24

2

Front 25

As a juror attempting to make a decision regarding the possible guilt of a defendant, you recall how the lawyer kept referring to this individual as a criminal, so you assume he/she must be guilty. You have allowed _________ to influence your decision-making.

1) representative heuristics.

2) availability effect.

3) framing effect.

4) all of these.

Back 25

3