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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how particles made
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directly emitted
OR formed during smog events |
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lots of particles =
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lots of ozone
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visibility
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ability to distinguish black surface from white background
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how particles reduce visibility
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reduce contrast
*scatter light into your eye |
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types of inversions in LA
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subsidence
marine |
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mixing height variation in LA
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lower @ night, morning
higher in afternoon lower in winter, higher in summer |
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land-sea breeze...DAY
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sun heats land surface more than ocean surface
-air sinks over ocean, rises over land |
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land-sea breeze...NIGHT
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land cools down, ocean stays warmer
-air sinks over land, rises over ocean |
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accumulating pollution (life cycle of smog)
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polluted cloud of air from previous day
*pollutants pushed from near ocean --> mts --> back again |
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LA as a basin
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pollution can't usually make it over the mts
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combatting LA smog (2 steps)
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1. define air quality standards
2a. if better than standards, do nothing 2b. if worse than standards, reduce emissions |
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primary ambient air standards
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protect public health
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secondary ambient air standards
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protect public welfare
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air quality index
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numerical scale vs. air quality criteria
-normalized for diff pollutants |
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controlling pollution in LA
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*move industry out of basin
*regulate industrial emissions *regulate car emissions |
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catalytic converter
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filters NO out
oxidizes CO--> CO2 |
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difficulty of controlling smog in LA
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-control HC, CO, NOx?
-dependence on cars |
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current activities to reduce smog
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1. low emission vehicles
2. cleaner fuels 3. cap and trade 4. car pool lanes 5. public transport |
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ozone, particle graph
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decreasing over past 20 yrs (even tho pop, pollution increasing)
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commuting from suburbs (sprawl)
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more driving = more pollution
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