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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Afferent Neurons
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nerve cells that transmit information from sensory receptors to the CNS; often referred to as sensory neurons
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Astrocytes
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star-shaped non-neuronal cells of the CNS that encase the capillaries of the CNS, form the blood-brain barrier, and assist in provideing nutrients to the nerve cells
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Axon Hillock
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the unmyelinated region of the axon immediately adjacent to the cell body
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Axon Terminals (terminal buttons)
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localized swellings at the end of the axons where neurotransmitters are synthesized, stored and released
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Axon
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the single long extension from the cell body of a nerve cell that transmets electrical information away fro the nerve cell
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Axonal Transport
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the movement of vesicles between the soma and acon terminals by slow rhythmic (orthograde) or reverse (retrograde) direction
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Axoplasmic Flow
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the movement of materials from the cell body to the axon terminal by slow rhythmic contractions that move material from the soma to the axon hillock to the terminal buttons
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Bipolar Neuron
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a nerve cell that has a two processes, an acon and a dendrite, arising from the cell body
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Blood-Brain Barrier
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the permeability formed by tight junctions of the brain capillaies and astrocutes that preventspolar molecules from diffusing into the extracellular fluid of the brain
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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the plasma-like fluid filing that surrounds and fills the cavities of the central nervous sustem and functions to provide nutrients and protect the CNS
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Dendrite
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the numerous small extensions from the cell body that receive information from other nerve cells
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Efferent Nerutons
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nerve cells that transmit information away from the CNS to effector organs; often referred to as motor neurons
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Ependymal cells
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non-neuronal cells froming the epithelial lining of the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord that interact woth the cappilaries to form the choroids plexuses and produce cerbrospinal fluid
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Glial cells
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non-neuronal cells in the CNS that help regulate the environment of the central nervouse system
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Interneuons
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nerve cells located between other nerve cells; other referred to as association neurons
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Microglia
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motile non-neuronal phagocytic cells of the CNS that degrade foreign cells and damaged nerve cells
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Multipolar Neuron
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a nerve cell that has a single long axon and multiple smaller dendrites arising from the cell body
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Myelin Sheath
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layers of myelin-forming cell plasma membranes wrapped around the axon of many nerons in the ervouse system
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Neuron (nerve cells)
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a cell of the nervous system specialized to initiate, integrate, and conduct electrical signals
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Neurotrophins
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chemical messengers that stimulate nerve cell growth and health
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Nodes of Rancier
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gaps in the myelin sheath of myelinated axons
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Oligodendrocytes
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non-neuronal cells of that CNS that myelinae axons
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Pseudounipolar Neuron
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a nerve cell that appears to have a single long extension that arises from a sigle short process from the nerve cell body
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Regeneration tube
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the proximal end of an injured axon surrounded bya basement membrane and Schwann cells
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Satellite Cells (gagnlionic gliocytes)
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non-neuronal cells of the autonomic and sensory ganglia that provie structural and biochemical support for the nerve cells
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Schwann Cells
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non-neuronal cells of the peripheral nervous system that myelinate peripheral axons
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