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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acclimatization
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environmentally induced improvement in the functioning of a physiological system in the absence of genetic change
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Adenylate Cyclas
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a membrane-bound enzyme hat catalyzes the production of cyclic adenoine monophospate and pyrophospgate by dyfolyzin adenosine triphosphate
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Adrenergic Receptors
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receptors that bind epinephrine agonists, and epinephrine antagonists
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Autocrine Agent
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a chemical messenger that acts on the secreting cell
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Biological Rhythm
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the rhythmicpatterns in specific physiological parameters produced by variations in set points due to specific environmental cues
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Blood Plasma
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the fluid portion of blood
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Cholinergic Receptors
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receptors that bind acetylocholine, acetylcholine agonists, and acetlcholine anatagonists
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Circadian Rhythm
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physiological changes repeating with an approximate frequency of 24 hours
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Crenation
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the decrease in cellular volume due to water loss
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Develpmental Acclimatization
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acclimatization during critical developmental periods for specific systems
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Diurnal Rhythm
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a biological rhythm based on changes in light and dark
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Entrainment
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setting the timing of a bilogical rhythm
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Extracellular Fluid
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the fluid located iwthing the body outside of the cell membranes
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Free Running Rhythm
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a biological rhythm in the absence of any external cues
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G-Protein
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a trimeric protein that is regulated by guanosine nucleotides
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Heterodimer
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a dimer comprised of two diferent subunits
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Homeostasis
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the state of equilibrium of the inernal enviroment of the body that is maintained by dynamic processes of feeback and regulation
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Homodimer
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dimer comprised of identical subunits
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Hypertonic
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having a greater osmolality concentration
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Hypotonic
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having a lower osmolality concentration
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Interstitial Fluid
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the fluid found in the spaces between the cells
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Intracellular Fluid
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the fluid located within the cells of the body
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Ion channel
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a protein that regulates the passage of specific ions through the plasma membrane
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Isoreceptors
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alternate forms of the same receptor
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Isotonic
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having the same osmolality concentration
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Lysis
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the bursting of a cellular membrane to water gain
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Mass to volume Solution
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a method of expressing the solution concentration as the mass of solute per 100 milliliters of solvent
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Molarity
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the number of moles of a substance per liter of solution
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Muscarinic Receptors
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Cholinergic receptors that bind low doses of muscarine
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Negative Feedback
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a feedback response that opposes the input response
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Nicotonic Receptors
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cholinergic receptors that bind low doses of nicotine
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Osmolality
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osmoles/liters
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Osmoreceptors
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sensory receptors that detect changes in the osmolality
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Osmotic Pressure
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the amount of pressure required o prevent the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a lower osmolarity to one with a higher osmolarity
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Paracrine Agent
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a chemical messenger that acts on cells near the cell secreting the chemical messenger
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Phase Shift
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a change in a biological rhythm due to changes in the external cues
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Phosphodiesterase
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an enzyme that degrades cyclic nucleotides into inactive products
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Phospholipase C
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a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the production of diacyl glycerol and inositol triphosphate bu hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol-bis-phosphate
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Physiology
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the study of the function of the living organism and its components and of the chemical and physical processes involved
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Positive Feedback
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a feedbck response that favors the input response
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Protein Kinase
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an enzyme that phosphorylates proteins
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Reflex Arc
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neural or hormonal components that mediate a reflex
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Reflx Response
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the final chnge due to the action of a stimulus upon a reflex are
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Reflex
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a biological control system linking a stimulus with a response medicated by a reflex arc
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Response Element
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the specific DNA sequence to which the dimerized hormone-receptor complexes bind to regulate gene expression
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Second Messenger
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a molecule or ion hose concentration within a target cell is changed by the actions of a chemical messenger to alter the metabolism or activity of the target cell in the characteristic manner
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Total Body Water
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all of the water in the body
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