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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What cytokines recruit neutrophils to sites of injury/inflammation?
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C5b
IL-8 Leukotriene B4 Kallikrein |
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What vascular proteins mediate leukocyte rolling?
To what leukocyte protein do they bind? |
E-selectin, P-selectin
Sialyl-Lewis protein |
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What molecule mediates leukocyte diapedesis between endothelial cells to exit blood vessels?
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PECAM-1
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What is the source of amyloid protein found in primary amyloidosis?
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Ig light chains --> AL amyloid
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What is the source of amyloid protein found in secondary amyloidosis (in chronic inflammatory diseases)?
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serum amyloid-associated protein --> AA amyloid
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What is the source of amyloid protein found in senile cardiac amyloidosis?
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AF --> transthyretin
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What is the source of amyloid protein found in DM Type 2?
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AE --> amylin
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What is the source of amyloid protein found in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?
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calcitonin--> A-CAL amyloid
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What is the source of amyloid protein found in primary Parkinson's disease?
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amyloid precursor protein --> beta-amyloid
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What is the source of amyloid protein found in dialysis patients?
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MHC class I proteins --> beta-2 microglobulin
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What type of enzymes allow cancerous cells to invade through the basement membrane?
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hydrolases, collagenases
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increase in # of cells
reversible? |
hyperplasia
yes |
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1 cell type is replaced by another
reversible? |
metaplasia
yes |
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abnormal growth with loss of cell orientation, size, and shape
reversible? |
dysplasia
yes |
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abnormal cells lacking differentiation or resemblance to tissue of origin
reversible? |
anaplasia
no |
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clonal proliferation that is uncontrolled
reversible? |
neoplasia
no |
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fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasia
reversible? |
desmoplasia
no |
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What neoplasm is associated with Down syndrome?
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ALL, AML
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What neoplasm is associated with xeroderma pigmentosum and albinism?
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squamous cell carcinoma of skin
melanoma basal cell carcinoma |
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What neoplasm is associated with chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, and postsurgical gastric remnants?
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gastric adenocarcinoma
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What neoplasm is associated with tuberous sclerosis
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astrocytoma, angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma
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What neoplasm is associated with actinic keratosis
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squamous cell carcinoma of skin
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What neoplasm is associated with Barret's esophagus?
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esophageal adenocarcinoma
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What neoplasm is associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome (atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia due to iron deficiency)?
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esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
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What neoplasm is associated with cirrhosis (alcoholic, hepatitis B, hepatitis C)?
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hepatocellular carcinoma
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What neoplasm is associated with ulcerative colitis?
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colonic adenocarcinoma
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What neoplasm is associated with Paget's disease of bone?
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secondary osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
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What neoplasm is associated with immunodeficiency states?
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malignant lymphomas
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What neoplasm is associated with AIDS?
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aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkin's) and Kaposi's sarcoma
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What neoplasm is associated with autoimmune diseases (e.g. Hashimoto's, myasthenia gravis)?
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lymphoma
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What neoplasm is associated with acanthosis nigricans?
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visceral malignancies (stomach, breast, uterus)
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What neoplasm is associated with dysplastic nevi?
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malignant melanoma
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What neoplasm is associated with radiation exposure?
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sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer
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abl
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oncogene
CML |
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c-myc
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oncogene
Burkitt's lymphoma |
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bcl-2
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oncogene (inhibits apoptosis)
follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas |
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erb-B2
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oncogene
breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinomas |
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ras
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oncogene
colon carcinoma |
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L-myc
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oncogene
Lung tumor |
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N-myc
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oncogene
neuroblastoma |
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ret
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oncogene
MEN types II and III |
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c-kit
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oncogene
gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) |
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Rb
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tumor suppressor
13q retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma |
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BRCA1
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tumor suppressor
17q breast and ovarian cancer |
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BRCA2
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tumor suppressor
13q breast cancer |
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p53
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tumor suppressor
17p most cancers, Li-Fraumeni (breast, soft-tissue cancers) |
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p16
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tumor suppressor
9p melanoma |
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APC
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tumor suppressor
5q colorectal cancer (FAP) |
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WT1
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tumor suppressor
11p Wilm's tumor |
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NF1
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tumor suppressor
17q neurofibromatosis type I |
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NF2
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tumor suppressor
22q neurofibromatosis type II |
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DPC
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tumor suppressor
18q pancreatic cancer (Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer) |
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DCC
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tumor suppressor
18q colon cancer (Deleted in Colon Cancer) |
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PSA is a tumor marker for
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prostate carcinoma
also elevated in BPH, prostatitis |
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Prostatic acid phosphatase is a tumor marker for
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prostate carcinoma
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CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is a tumor marker for
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colorectal and pancreatic cancers (70%)
gastric and breast carcinomas NOT specific |
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alpha fetoprotein is a tumor marker for
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hepatocellular carcinomas
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (e.g. yolk sac tumor) |
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beta-HCG is a tumor marker for
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Hyatidiform moles
Choriocarcinomas Gestational trophoblastic tumors |
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CA-125 is a tumor marker for
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ovarian, malignant epithelial tumors
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S-100 is a tumor marker for
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melanoma, neural tumors, astrocytomas
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alkaline phosphatase is a tumor marker for
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metastases to bone, obstructive biliary disease, Paget's disease of bone
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bombesin is a tumor marker for
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neuroblastoma, lung and gastric cancer
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TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) is a tumor marker for
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hairy cell leukemia (B-cell neoplasm)
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CA-19-9 is a tumor marker for
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pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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HTLV-1 is associated with
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adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
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HBV, HCV is associated with
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hepatocellular carcinoma
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EBV is associated with
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Burkitt's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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HPV is associated with
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cervical carcinoma (16,18)
penile/anal carcinoma |
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HHV-8 is associated with
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Kaposi's sarcoma
body cavity fluid B-cell lymphoma |
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aflatoxins (produced by aspergillus) affect
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liver (--> HCC)
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vinyl chloride affects
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liver ( --> angiosarcoma)
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CCl4 affects
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liver (--> centrilobular necrosis, fatty change)
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nitrosamines in smoked foods affect
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esophagus, stomach
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cigarette smoke affects
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larynx (--> SCC)
lung (--> SCC, SCLC) kidney (--> RCC) bladder (--> transitional CC) |
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asbestos affects
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lung (--> mesothelioma, bronchogenic carcinoma)
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arsenic affects
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skin (--> SCC)
liver (--> angiosarcoma) |
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naphthalene (aniline) dyes affect
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bladder (--> transitional CC)
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alkylating agents affect
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blood (--> leukemia)
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Paraneoplastic effect of small cell lung cancer?
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ACTH --> Cushing's
ADH --> SIADH Antibodies against presynaptic Ca-channel at NMJ --> Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness) |
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Paraneoplastic effect of intracranial neoplasms?
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ADH --> SIADH
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Paraneoplastic effect of squamous cell lung carcinoma?
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PTH-related peptide, TGF-beta, TNF, IL-1 --> hypercalcemia
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Paraneoplastic effects of renal cell carcinoma?
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PTH-related peptide, TGF-beta, TNF, IL-1 --> hypercalcemia
erythropoeitin --> polycythemia |
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Paraneoplastic effects of breast cancer?
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PTH-related peptide, TGF-beta, TNF, IL-1 --> hypercalcemia
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Paraneoplastic effects of pheochromocytoma?
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erythropoeitin --> polycythemia
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Paraneoplastic effects of hepatocellular carcinoma?
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erythropoeitin --> polycythemia
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Paraneoplastic effects of uterine myomata?
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erythropoeitin --> polycythemia
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Paraneoplastic effects of hemangioblastoma?
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erythropoeitin --> polycythemia
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Paraneoplastic effects of thymoma?
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antibodies against presynaptic Ca-channel at NMJ --> Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness)
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Paraneoplastic effects of leukemias and lymphomas?
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hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover --> gout, urate nephropathy
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What 3 conditions cause a decreased ESR?
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sickle cell anemia
polycythemia CHF |
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What cancers commonly metastasize to the brain?
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Lung
Breast Skin Kidney GI "Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia" |
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What cancers commonly metastasize to the liver?
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Colon > Stomach > Pancreas > Breast > Lung
"Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver" |
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What cancers commonly metastasize to the bone?
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Prostate (blastic), Breast (blastic/lytic)
Kidney, Thyroid, Testes, Lung (lytic) PB KeTTLe |
