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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wilkes Expedition
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Discovered Antarctica.
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Jeanette
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Wanted to find a passage from California to the Gulf Stream by going throug the Arctic Ocean. The ship crashed, but ended up making it to the East Coast.
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Fram
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Proved theory of polar ice drift based on the failure o Jeanette. The ice cap froze the ship in place, rotated it, and released it on the warmer side of the rotation.
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Challenger
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First dedicated cruise whose only purpose was to collect data.
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Maury
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First ocean-wide bathymetric chart.
First indication of the existence of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
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Swath Bathymetry
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Many narrow echo sounders in a fan-shape swept along the ocean floor.
Gives data we can plot. |
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Side Scan Sonar
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Uses two divergent Sonar beams to make images.
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Geoid
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Surface of equal gravitational pull or potential.
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Ellipsoid
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The physical shape of the Earth due to spinning.
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Echo Sounder
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Single 'ping'.
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RADAR Altimetry
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Improved the geoid because it can measure the oceans surface within milimeters.
Waves, tides, and currents are short wavelength geoid anomalies. Can determine bathymetry because gravity holds more water over bulges, less over trenches, etc. |
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Harrison's Chronometers
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Determined longitude by providing accurate time keeping.
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The Importance of Precise Navigation in Oceanography
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Locations of stationary features
Locations of water masses, nutrients, temperature and salinity profiles Speeds of currents Locations of depth soundings |
