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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Main Divisions of Brain
(Primary and >Secondary Vesicles) |
1. Prosencephalon (Forebrain)
> Telencephalon (Cerbral Hemisph, Striatum etc) > Diencephalon* (Thalamus, Metathal, Hypothal etc) 2. Mesencephalon* (Midbrain) > Mesencephalon (Colliculi, Cerbral Peduncles, Tegmentum) 3. Rhombencephalon > Metencephalon (Pons*, Cerebellum) > Myelencephalon (Medulla Oblongata*) *Brain Stem collectively |
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Medial Lemniscus
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Fasciculus cuneatus (upr body) and gracilis (lwr body) ascend ipsi. and term on same named nu.
2nd Order Neurons are the Internal Arcuate Fibers, they sweep anteromedially arnd central GrM in the Sensory Decussation Asc as a single compact bundle - The Medial Lemniscus - to the VPL of Thalamus 3rd Order Nuerons pass via Internal Capsule and Corona Radiata to Post-Central Gyrus (Br# 3,1,2) |
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Spinal Lemniscus
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Lat and Ant Spinothalmic Tr
Spinotectal Tr |
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Anterolateral System (ALS)
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Spinothalmic Tr (Lat & Ant)
Spinoreticular Tr Spinotectal Tr |
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Medial Longitudinal Fasiculus
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beneath floor of 4V
connects Vestibular Nu and Cochlear Nu with nuclei ctrl Extraoccular Muscles (oculomotor, trochlear & abducent nu) |
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Brainstem
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1. Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
2. Pons 3. Medulla Oblongata |
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Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)
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Caudate Nucleus
Putamen Globus Pallidus Neostriatum - Caudate Nu & Putamen Lentiform Nu - Globus Pallidus & Putamen Corpus Striatum - All |
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Neostriatum
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Internal Capsule
-> Caudate Nu -> Putamen Subcortical (inside forebrain) Maj input of Basal Ggl system |
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Caudate Nucleus
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Head - forms a bulge in ant horn of LatV
Body - level of IV foramen where Caudate diminishes in size Tail - in lat wall of atrium of LatV C shape follows LatV |
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Restiform Body
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Post Spinocerebellar Tr
Reticularcerebellar Tr Cuneocerebellar Tr Olivocerebellar Tr |
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Internal Capsule
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Ant Limb
Genu Post Limb |
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Claustrum
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lat to Putamen
Med to Insular Cortex Considered by some part of Basal Ggl Cxn to Cortices, Hippocampus, Amygdala, Caudate Nu |
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Corpus Collosum
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Rostrum > Genu > Trunk > Splenium
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Fornix
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Column > Body > Crus > Fimbriae Hippocampi
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Mesencephalon
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Tectum - Dorsal to Cerbral Aqueduct; Sup & Inf Colliculli (Corpora Quadragemini)
Tegmentum - Middle; Below Tectum, where Mesenc enlarges Base - Ventral; Cerebral Crus w/ Interpeduncular Fossa |
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Cerebellar Peduncles
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Sup Cerebellar Peduncle - Mesenc.
Aff: V. Spino-c. Tr, Eff: C-rubral, -thalmic, -tectal Middle CP - Pons Aff: Pontoc Inf CP - MO. Aff: Dor&Rost Spinocer, Cuneo-, Trigeminal-, Vestibulo-, Olivo-. Eff: C.-vestibular, -olivary, -potine, -reticular, F. to Raphe Nu |
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Cerebellar Deep Nuclei
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From Latermost to Medial
1. Dentate - in lat. hemispher; plan, init, ctrl vol. movem; Sup. CP (large) 2-3. Interpositus (Emboliform & Globose) - in paravermal zone; mod musc. stretch reflexes of distal m. 4. Fastigial - in vermis; rec input from Vermis; Eff via Inf. CP |
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Phylogenetic and Functional Divisions of Cerebellum
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1. Vestibulocerebellum/Archcerebellum
Flocculonodular lobe, balance and eye move, rec visual input (corticopontocerebellar p/way), eff to Med & Lat Vestib. Nu 2. Spinocerebelm/Paleocerebellum vermis and intermed part of hemisph., body & limb movem, rec. propriocep (eg spinocerebellar tr),Modulate move, Aff Dp Cerebellar Nu (then Cortex & Brain Stem) 3. Cerebrocerebellum/Neo-, Ponto-cerebellum lat parts of hemisph, planning movem, evaluat sens info, rec input frm cerebral cortex (parietal lobe) via pontine nu (cortico-ponto-cerebellar p/way), aff to VL thal & red nu |
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Entorhinal Cortex
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Medial asp of Temporal Lobe F
Fxn: Hub in a widespread network for memory and navigation. Main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex. The EC-hippocampus system plays an important role in autobiographical/declarative/episodic memories and in particular spatial memories including memory formation, consolidation, and optimization in sleep. the association of impulses from the eye and the ear occurs in the entorhinal cortex. |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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clear colorless bodily fluid produced in the choroid plexus of the brain.
Buoyancy, Protection, Chemical Stability, Prev Brain Ischemia moves in a pulsatile manner Prod 500 ml/day, 135-150 in circulation Reabs via arachnoid granulations Lumbar press 8-15mmHg |
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Ventricular Communication
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LatV > 3V = Rt & Lt Interventricular Foramina of Monro
3V > 4V = Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius 4V > Subarach. Space = Med Aperture of Magendie 4V > Subarach. Space = Lat Aperture of Luchska (Rt & Lt) |
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Structures in Floor of 3V explained
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1. Optic Chiasm
2. Infudibulum sm outgrowth of vent wall of emb brain frm which pars nervosa of pituitary devs 3. Tuber Cinereum hollow emin of GM btw MamBods and Optic Chiasm. Part of Hypothal. Infudnib proj from it and ext to Post lobe of Pituitary. Tuberal Nu & Tuberomamillary Nu 4. Mamillary Bodies sm rnd bodies, Limbic Sys, Lat & Med Nu, recog of memory & proc olf sensation 5. Subthalamus below Thal, dorsolat to Hypothal, part of Basal Ggl (reg movement) |
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Tela Choroidea
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two layer fold of Pia Mater situated btw Fornix (sup) and Upr surf of Thalamus
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Maj Cxns of Hippocapmal Formation
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Aff
Cerebral Association Cortices Septal Area Ant Nu of Thalamus Eff Mamill Nu of Hypothalamus Ant nu of Thal Septal Area |
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Major Cxns of Amygdaloid Cplx
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Aff
Olf Bulb & Cortex Cerebral Cortex Hypoth Eff Cerebral C Hyptoth Brain Stem & SC |
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Fornix Parts
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1. Alveus
2. Fimria 3. Crus 4. Body 5. Column Body travels Ant & div near Ant Commis to become Columns. Rt & Lt sep BUT also Ant & Post Post F - Postcommis Fibers > MamBods; AntNu Thal (>Cingulate G) Ant F - Precommis F > Septal Nu & NuAccumbens |
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Septal Nuclei
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Or Medial Olfactory Area)
lie below the rostrum of the corpus callosum, ant to the lamina terminalis . Med, Lat & Post groups. Rcp cxn from the Olf bulb, hippoc, amyg, hypoth, mesenc, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. no relation to the smell, reward centre w/amyg |
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Lamina Terminalis
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the layer of gray matter in the brain connecting the optic chiasma and the anterior commissure where the latter becomes continuous with the rostral lamina
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