Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
IUPAC naming steps
|
1. Identify longest chain (w/ highest priority group) 2. Number chain w/ func. groups w/ lowest #s (in rings- # starts @ C w/ greatest substitution 3. Name substituent groups ex: Methyl, Ethyl, n-propyl 4. assign number to each substituent 5. complete the name |
|
|
Alkanes what is the formula for alkanes? |
CnH(2n+2) 1 carbon methane 2 C ethane 3C Propane 4C Butane 5c Pentance 6C Hexane 7C Heptance 8C Octane |
|
|
Alkene vs Alkane vs Alkyne
|
Alkanes- only single C-C Bonds Alkenes- contain a C- C double bond Alkynes- contain a C-C Triple Bond *double triple bond w/ lowest number like a substituent ex: 2-butene or but-2-ene 2 C-C double bonds 1,3-butaDIene |
|
|
Alcohols common name of 2-propanol and ethanol suffix for two alcohol group -two alcohols on same carbon is called: - two alcohols on adjacent carbons are called |
end in -ol Chain is numbered w/ attached OH *takes precedence over multiple bonds b/c higher oxidation state of its carbon common names to know ethyl alcohol - ethanol Isopropyl alcohol- is same as 2-propanol x2 OH same carbon: Geminal Diols ** also called hydrates: they spontaneously dehydrate (lose H2O) to form carbonyl C=O x2 OH on adjacent carbons: Vicinal |
|
|
Aldehydes and ketones both contain a ____ group |
Aldehyde: chain-terminating R-COH - aldehydes end in -al ex: butanal common aldeyhydes: methanal HCOH---->formaldehyde Ethanal CH3COH---> acetaldehyde proponal CH3CH2COH---> propionaldehyde Ketone R-CO-R both are only connecting to alkyl chains - ketones end in -one common ketones 2 Propanone CH3COCH3 ---> acetone |
|
|
Many carbons can be named relative to a carbonyl group what are the successive carbons referred to? |
Adjacent carbon to a carbonyl group= alpha then beta, gamma, and delta carbons **same on both sides of the carbonyl --important for alpha carbon acidity |
|
|
Carboxylic Acids contain two groups: ___ and ___ connected to a carbon what are some of the common carboxylic acid names? |
contain a C=O and C-OH or together -COOH - end in -oic acid **highest priority functional groups on MCAT b/c it is the most oxidized- three bonds to Oxygen common names methanoic acid HCOOH---> formic acid Ethanoic Acid CH3COOH ---> acetic acid Propanoic Acid: CH3CH2COOH --> Propionic acid |
|
|
Carboxylic Acid derivatives Includes (3) |
Esters: common: COOH, the -OH --> -O-R (alkoxy group- naming 1. name the group attached to the ester(@oxygen) this goes in the front of name 2. Name the parent acid, ends with -oate from -oic acid ex: formic acid+ butanol ---> butyl methanoate Amides -OH replaced with amino group(contains N) -same as ester- ends with amide ex: N-ethyl propanamide Anyhydrides ( an-without, hydo-water) - H2O removed, bond between x2 COOH groups oic acid---> oic anyhydride - if equal C on both sides, do not repeat ex: ethanoic anyhydride (2C each side of R-O-R) |
