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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Synacthen Test?
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ACTH stimulation test
Give Pt ACTH and see if there is a cortisol response. Can tell you if low cortisol is due to adrenal (addisons) or pituitary ( low ACTH) |
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What is the most common ECG finding with PE?
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Sinus tachycardia
but may also find S1Q3T3 |
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What finding on ECG is diagnostic of PE?
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S1Q3T3
but sinus tachycardia is more common |
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What is a bubble study?
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When Blood or saline is mixed with air and then injected IV and an ECHO is done of the heart. the oxygen provides contrast and should stay within the RIGHT heart but if it is present within the LEFT HEART - it indicates a Patent foramen ovale, VSD, ASD, pulmonary AVM
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What is encephalomalacia?
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cerebral softening
due to haemorrhage or inflammation |
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What is Laryngotracheal bronchitis?
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CROUP
acute viral infection mainly in children use to be caused by DIPTHERIA but not anymore due to vaccination - now 75% PARAINFLUENZA virus - plus other viruses |
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Coverage of Aminoglycosides?
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Gram neg - broad spectrum including pseudomonas
SE - ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity - Gentamicin and tobramicin if using for >48hrs then monitor for vestibular/hearing/renal function and dosing levels |
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In the work up for CABG, for what reason other than looking at function of the heart muscle would an ECHO be helpful?
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VALVES
Common in oldies - Aortic stenosis - often this will be replaced at the same time as CABG if required |
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Indications of Haloperidol?
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Long term: schizophrenia, psychosis due to organic brain damage or mental deficiency, senile psychosis, manic phase of manic depression, Tourette syndrome.
Short-term therapy: treatment of acute alcoholism assoc delusion, hallucination, confusion, tremulousness, aggression; radiation, malignancy assoc intractable nausea, vomiting unresponsive to other therapy; neuroleptanalgesia |
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Adverse Effects of
HALOPERIDOL? |
CNS disturbance incl extrapyramidal reaction; hypotension; tachycardia; ventricular arrhythmia; QT prolongation; blood dyscrasia; bronchopneumonia; hypersensitivity; hyperprolactinaemia; blurred vision; dry mouth; dental effects; GI upset; urinary retention; hyperpyrexia; heat stroke; tardive dyskinesia
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Causes for Transaminases to go over 1000?
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1. Viral hepatitis
2. Ischemic or shock liver 3. Toxins such as acetominophen, mushrooms 4. Rarely, there is a fourth cause which can occur with passage of a gallstone and a very abrupt rise and drop of the transaminases |
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What cardiac drugs can cause a cough?
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ACEI
also Beta blockers |
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What drugs may cause an elevated WCC?
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Corticosteroids
Lithium Beta Agonists |
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True or false
Pressurised metered dose inhalers with a spacer is as effective as nebuliser. |
True
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What kind of drug is ipratropium bromide?
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anticholinergic drug used in the treatment of airways disease - usually COPD
NOTE: short acting version is usually only used in patients with adverse effects to short acting beta agonists |
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What is the Management of COPD?
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1) Stop SMOKING (only 1 that improves course)
2) Vaccinate - Influenza, pneumoccocal 3) Pulmonary REHAB - exercise training, education, behaviour modification, outcome assessment. 4) SHORT ACTING BRONCHODILATORS Short Acting Beta agonists - Salbutamol/Ventolin or short acting anticholinergic - ipratropium bromide 5) LONG ACTING BRONCHODILATOR (improve quality of life and reduce exacerbations) Anticholinergic - tiotropium bromide beta agonists - salmeterol, eformoterol 6) CORTICOSTEROIDS FEV1<50% predicted + >2 exacerbations requiring AB or oral corticosteroids (within 12 months) Budesonide 400mg x2 Fluticasone propionate 500mg x2 7) COMBINATION INHALERS budesonide+eformoterol - Symbicort fluticasone propionate+salmeterol - Seretide 8) THEOPHYLLINE Oral - Narrow therapeutic window - titrated to trough serum concentrations 9) Mucolytic Therapy - acetylcysteine 10) Antivirals for recurrent influenza |
