General Intro. - Analgesic/anesthetic Agents

Front 1

_______________ is the process whereby the brain integrates both sensory and emotional components of nociceptive or neuropathic input

Back 1

Pain perception

Front 2

__________ is the relief of pain and is achieved by:

Back 2

Analgesia

1. removing the painful stimulus
2. blocking the generation of nerve impulses at sensory nerve endings
3. reducing signal strength in pain pathways

Front 3

__________ is the loss of all sensation with or without the loss of consciousness. Can be locally or systemically administered.

Back 3

Anesthesia

Front 4

Anesthesia can be achieved by:

Back 4

1. blocking the generation of nerve impulses at sensory endings

2. reducing signal strength in pain pathways

Front 5

Nociceptors in nerve endings are activated by ____________ to both central and peripheral tissues.

Back 5

noxious insults
(injury, inflammation)

Front 6

Inflammation or injury results from the release of what chemicals? What do these chemicals ultimately do?q

Back 6

K+, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, bradykinin, ATP, histamine, ACh, substance P, NE, 5-HT

Directly or indirectly lower the threshold for activation of nociceptors on primary afferent neurons

Front 7

Spinal glutamate released from ______________ activates both NMDA & non-NMDA subtypes of receptors.

Back 7

primary sensory terminals

Front 8

Substance P and ________ are co-localized and presumably co-released from terminals of primary afferents.

Back 8

CGRP
(calcitonin gene related peptide)

Front 9

___________ and ___________ also appear to play a modulatory role nocicpetive signaling

Back 9

Adenosine & protein kinase C

Front 10

______________________ modulate both ascending and descending pain signaling in nociceptive relay circuits

Back 10

Endogenous opiate peptides

Front 11

______ & _____ mediate one component of descending control of nociceptive relay circuits.

Back 11

NE

5-HT

Front 12

_____________ is responsible for excitatory conduction in brain (supraspinal) pathways mediating nociception & awareness.

Back 12

Glutamate

Front 13

__________ decreases neuronal signal strength by increasing inhibitory conduction in pathways which in part mediate awareness

Back 13

GABA