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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the digestive system? |
An exchange system through which food substances are absorbed |
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What is the digestive system comprised of? |
The mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and the rectum |
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What are the 3 parts of the stomach? |
1-duodenum 2-jejunum 3-ileum |
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Where are salivary glands found? |
In the mouth |
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What do salivary glands do? |
They secrete saliva containing the enzyme amylase. |
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Where does food go first? |
It enters the buccal cavity and passes through the oesophagus |
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What is the oesophagus? |
A tube which carries food from the mouth to the stomach in a bolus |
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How does the oesophagus move food? |
Peristalsis |
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What is the stomach? |
A muscular sac |
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What do cells lining the stomach produce? |
Hydrochloric acid and protease enzymes |
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What does the hydrochloric acid do? |
It provides the optimum pH for the protease enzymes in the stomach |
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What is the stomach comprised of? |
Muscles in the stomach wall |
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What do the muscles do? |
They contract and churn the contents known as chime |
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Where does the food go after the stomach? |
It passes through the ileum |
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What is found in the ileum? |
Pancreatic secretions |
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What is found in pancreatic secretions? |
Bile and pancreatic carbohydrases, lipases and proteases to hydrolyse, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins |
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What is the ileum made of? |
Epithelial walls |
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What do the epithelial walls have? |
Membrane bound carbohydrases (enzymes) |
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What is special about the ileum? |
The inner walls are folded into villi which is made of tiny projections-microvilli |
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What do the villi do? |
Provide a larger surface area for absorption of the products of digestion |
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What happens to remaining undigested food? |
It passes into the large intestine |
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What happens in the large intestine? |
Water is absorbed from all the secretions |
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What happens after the large intestine? |
Faeces are formed and stored. They are then periodically removes via the anus |
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What is this process of removal called? |
Egestion |
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What are the 2 stages of digestion? |
Physical and chemical digestion |
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What happens in physical digestion? |
Large food particles are broken down by the action of the teeth, increasing surface area for chemical digestion. Churning by the stomach muscles also physically breaks up the food. |
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What causes chemical digestion? |
Specific enzymes carrying out hydrolysis reactions using water to break chemical bonds |
