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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rate of Reaction
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a measure of the rate at which a reactant is used up or a product is formed.
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Rate Unit
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Moles per Liter per Second
(mol/LS) |
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Reversable Reaction
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one which can occur in both directions
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order of reaction
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determined from the exponents of the concentration terms in the rate equation
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overall oreder
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the sum of the exponents of those concentration terms in the rate equation
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varying unit
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rate constant
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half-life (t 1/2)
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the time required for half the concentration of the limiting reactant to be consumed.
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integrated rate laws
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equations which relate concentrations and time.
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FIRST ORDER EQUATIONS
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log([Ao]/[A])=kt/2.303
or ln([Ao]/[A])=kt |
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Rate for FIRST ORDER EQUATIONS
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Rate=k[A]
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to find the Rate for Second Order Equations:
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Rate=k[A]2
or Rate=k[A][B] |
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to find the TIME for Second order reactions:
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1/[A] - 1/[Ao] = kt
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half-life for second order equations:
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T1/2 = 1/k[Ao]
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to find the Rate for Zero Order Equations
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Rate=k[Ao]
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half-life for zero order reactions:
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t1/2 = [Ao]/2k
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Reaction Quotient
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Q= [C][D]
------ [A][B] Reaction Quotient = Products over Reactants. |
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At equilibrium, the reaction quotient...
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becomes a constant.
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Law of Mass Action
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when a reversible reaction has attained equillibrium, at a given temperature, the reaction quotient remains constant.
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equilibrium constant
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0.640
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La Chateliev's Principle
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if a stress is placed on a system at equalibrium, the equalibrium shifts to offset that stress.
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Van't Hoff's Law
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when the temperature of a system in equilibrium is raised, the equilibrium is displaced in such a way that the heat is absorbed.
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Four ways to shift the equilibrium:
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1. change the concentrations of the reactants or products.
2. change the pressure (gas only) 3. change the temperature 4. add a catalyst |
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with INCREASED PRESSURE, equilibrium shifts to...
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the side with the fewest moles of gas.
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with DECREASED PRESSURE, equilibrium shifts to...
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the side with the most moles of gas.
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with ADDED REACTANT, the equilibrium shifts...
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to the right.
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with ADDED PRODUCT, the equilibrium shifts...
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to the left.
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a change in temperature changes...
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the value of the equilibrium constant.
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