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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Properties of acids
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taste sour, may produce a prickling or stinging sensation on the skin, turn the color of limus from blue to red, react with many metals to produce ionic compounds and hydrogen gas, react with bases, thus losing their acidic properties.
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Properties of Bases
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Taste bitter, feel slipper or soapy, turn the color of litmus paper from red to blue, reach with acids, thus losing their basic properties.
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Arrhenius acid
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a compound that ionizes in water to form a solution of H positive ions and anions.
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Arrhenius base
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a compound that ionizes in water to form solutions of OH negative and cations
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Neutralization
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the process of an acid reacting with a base to form water and a salt.
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Salt
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the combination of the cation from a base and the anion from an acid.
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How do you name salts?
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Same procedure as naming ionic compounds.
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How do you name bases?
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Include the word "hydroxide" Example: KOH is Potassium hydroxide
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How do you name acids?
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Use "hydro" and -ic/-ous when dissolved in water. Determine the use by the number of oxygen atoms. HClO - Hypochlorous acid, HClO2 - chlorous acid, HClO3 - chloric acid, HClO4 - Perchloric acid.
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Organic Chemistry
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the study of carbon and its compounds
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Alkanes: hydrocarbons
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Molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms
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Alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons
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Have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for the number of carbon atoms.
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Isomers
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compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
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Word Stems for Carbon atoms: 1
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meth
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2
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eth
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3
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prop
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4
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but
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5
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pent
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6
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hex
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7
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hept
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8
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oct
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9
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non
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10
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dec
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Functional Group
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an atorm or group of atoms attached to the hydrocarbon chain, (alkyl group) which confers particular physical and/or chemical porperties upon the compound.
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Functional group for alcohols
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The hydroxyl group attached to the carbon chain (-OH)
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Ball-and-stick model
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uses balls for atoms and sticks for bonds. Indicates which atoms are bonded together.
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Space-filling model
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uses balls to represent atoms. The balls touch each other to show the closeness of atoms and how they fill space.
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