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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the smallest parts of matter?
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Atoms.
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What are atoms made up of?
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Protons, neutrons & electrons.
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The atomic # is also the # of _______ in an atom?
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Protons.
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The # of protons + the # of neutrons = ?
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The Atomic Mass.
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What are atoms that have the same # of protons and electrons but different # of neutrons?
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Isotopes; same atomic #, different atomic mass.
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Atoms that have their s & p orbital of their outermost energy level will be stable and non reactive. This is known as ____.
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The Octet Rule.
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What are charged atoms called?
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Ions.
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The attraction between two ions (+ and -) form what type of bond?
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Ionic Bond.
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The sharing of electrons to obtain 8 e- in their outermost energy level form what type of bond?
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Covalent Bond.
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The unequal sharing of electrons to obtain 8 e- in their outermost energy level form what type of bond?
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Polar Covalent Bond.
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The equal sharing of electrons to obtain 8 e- in their outermost energy level form what type of bond?
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond.
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What is known as the versatile solvent?
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Water.
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The cohesion (water sticking to other waters by H Bonds) of water molecules lead to this property.
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Surface Tension.
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Water is most dense at how many degrees?
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4 Celsius; Ice is less dense.
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All properties of water are due to what type of bonds?
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Hydrogen Bonds.
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The equal sharing of electrons to obtain 8 e- in their outermost energy level form what type of bond?
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond.
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What is known as the versatile solvent?
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Water.
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The cohesion (water sticking to other waters by H Bonds) of water molecules lead to this property.
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Surface Tension.
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Water is most dense at how many degrees?
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4 Celsius; Ice is less dense.
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All properties of water are due to what type of bonds?
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Hydrogen Bonds.
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Water's most important property is its verstility as a ____.
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Solvent.
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The measure of the total quantity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion.
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Heat.
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Measure the intensity of heat due to kinetic energy of the molecules.
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Temperature.
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Amount of heat that must absorb/lose for 1g to change 1 C.
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Specific Heat.
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What is an excellent solvent because it will dissolve all but what type of compounds?
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Non-polar compounds; lipids.
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When water comes apart to form a hydrogen ion (H+) and a hydroxyl ion (-OH).
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Dissociates.
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Substances that are high in H+ concentration.
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Acids.
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Substances that are high -OH H+ concentration.
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Bases.
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Buffers are substances which help resist shifts in pH by releasing what in basic solutions?
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H+. Buffers donate H+.
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The study of carbon and its compounds.
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Organic Chemistry.
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Molecules that have the same chemical formula but a different structural formula.
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Isomers.
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Compared to most liquids, water requires a ____ amount of heat for evaporation.
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Large.
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How many electon pairs does carbon share to complete its outermost energy level?
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Four.
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Adhesion, Cohesion and surface tension are the result of ____.
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Hydrogen Bonds.
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Functional group for Alcohol.
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Hydroxyl. -OH
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Functional group for Ketones and Aldehydes.
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Carbonyl. C=O
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Functional group for Organic Acids.
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Carboxyls. CHOO; C=O, -OH
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Functional group for Amines.
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Amino Group. NH2
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Important group of Amines consist of a six-membered and a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring, fused together.
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Purines.
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Important group of Amines consist of a six-membered nitrogen-containing ring.
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Pyramidines.
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Functional group for Energy.
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Phosphate Group. P=O,O,O-,O-
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All polymers are assembled from their respective monomers by the process of ___.
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Dehydration Synthesis.
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Name the molecule that is removed during dehydration synthesis.
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H2O.
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All polymers are broken down into monomers by the process of ___.
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Hydrolysis.
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Process of putting water back to breakdown polymers.
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Hydrolysis.
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Name three types of carbs.
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Monosaccharides, Disaccharides & Polysaccharides.
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Name the two simple sugars of monosaccharides.
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Pentoses and Hexoses.
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Name the isomers of pentose sugars.
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Ribose and Deoxyribose.
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Name the isomers of hexose sugars.
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Glucose, Galactose & Fructose. Glucose is most important.
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The structural polysaccharide for plants is:
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Cellulose.
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The structural polysaccharide for animals is:
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Chitin.
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The storage polysaccharide for plants is:
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Amylose.
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The storage polysaccharide for animals is:
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Glycogen.
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Lipids are classified on the basis of:
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Solubility.
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1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
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Triglyceride.
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Saturated fatty acids have all ____ bonds.
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Single.
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Unsaturated fatty acids have all ____ bonds.
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Double.
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Fatty acid produced by plants and are are liquid at room temp.
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Unsaturated.
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Fatty acid produced by animals and solid at room temp.
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Saturated.
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Which macromolecule yields the most energy?
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Fat.
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Three functions of triglycerides are...
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Energy Source, Insulation & Flotation
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1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + P group
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Phopholipid.
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What do triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids have in common?
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All are LIPDS.
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Which type of lipid is most important is biological membranes?
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Phospholipids.
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Bad cholesterol.
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LDL.
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Good cholesterol.
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HDL.
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Consists of four fused rings.
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Steroids.
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All formed from cholesterol.
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Steroids.
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The most important functional group; the building blocks of life.
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Proteins.
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Amino acids are the monomers of...
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Proteins.
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A protein's 3D structure is called...
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Conformation.
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How many levels in a protein's confirmation?
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Four.
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Which structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids.
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Primary structure.
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Which structure of a protein is an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet held by H Bonds.
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Secondary structure.
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Which structure of a protein is Supercoiling.
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Tertiary structure.
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Which structure of a protein is how chains coil.
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Quaternary structure.
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How is a protein denatured?
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By high temperature, acids, bases, salts or heavy metals.
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A nitrogen base, a phosphate group and a pentose (5-carbon sugar).
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Nucleotide.
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Single-ring amines.
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Pyrimidines.
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Name the pyramidines.
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Cytosine, uracil and thymine. CUT a piece of PY.
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Double-ring amines.
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Purines.
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