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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae?
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-large gram negative
-intestinal infections -oxidase negative -facultative anaerobe |
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What is a home remedy for bladder infections? Why?
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Cranberry juice because the sugars are the same as in the bladder
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What are some defenses of the GI tract against Enterobacteriaceae?
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-digestive juices
-normal flora -mucus -peristalsis |
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What role does Coliform have in the GI tract?
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It shows if there is any fecal contamination.
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Why is the GI tract such a nice place for pathogens to start?
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because of the way its designed to get nutrients
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What are the causes of diarrhea?
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-Toxin mediated
-invasion of bacteria in the intestinal epithelium. |
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What are the 4 types diarrhea?
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-secretory or watery
-dysentry (inflammatory) -hemmorrhagic colitis -bloody, |
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What are some virulence factors of Enterobacteriaceae?
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-Adhensins (noninvasive)
-Toxin (heat liable) -diarrhea |
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What are the 2 toxins of Enterobacteriaceae?
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-LT (AB toxin)(increase cAMP)
-ST(increase cGMP) |
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What are the mechanics of toxin mediated diarrhea?
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It decreases the reabsorption of sodium?
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What Ag's are to identify E.Coli?
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-H (flagella)
-K (capsule) -O (LPS) |
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What's the diagnostic Ag for Salmonella?
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O,H,K antigens
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What's the diagnostic Ag for Yersinia?
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O,H antigens
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How many serotypes does Salmonella have?
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More than 2000
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How does EPEC invade the host cells?
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It use intimin to adhere to the cell and then releases proteins from inside the bacteria into the host cell.(type 3 secretion)
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Which of the E.coli do not have toxins?
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-EIEC
-EPEC -EAggEC |
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Which of the E.Coli causes persistent diarrhea in young children?
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EAggEC
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What is the most frequent E.Coli found in North America?
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EHEC
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Why is EHEC so easy to get?
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It requires a low infection dose. (10)
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How many serotypes of EHEC are there?
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more than 50
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What are the types of Shiga toxins?
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-Stx-1
-Stx-2 -Both |
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What type of toxin is Shiga toxin?
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It is an A-B toxin.
-One A and 5 B subunits -A shuts down protein synthesis. |
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What is HUS?
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Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
-Lysis of RBCs and kidney failure -Stx 2 toxin |
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What is the fatality rate of HUS?
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-3-5%
-serious complications 30% |
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What is use to test HUS in the lab?
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Sorbitol
-EHEC does not ferment sorbitol so on MacConkey plates colonies are white. |
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What is the treatment for EHEC?
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-rehydration
-Antimicrobials (can shorten course;doesn't reduce HUS) |
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What are the characteristics of Shigella?
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-Gram Negative
-oxidase Negative -does not ferment lactose |
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What some virulence factors of Shigella? (Stomach)
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-acid resistance
-100-200 organisms to get infection -induced uptake |
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What is the source of most of the symptoms of Shigella?
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Inflammation response
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What is the effect of antimicrobials on Shigella?
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None-Shigella has a antimicrobial resistance
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Where is the focal infection of Shigella?
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the vascular endothelium
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What fever is associated with Salmonella?
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Typhoid fever
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What is the primary source of Salmonella?
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Chicken
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What is the treatment of Salmonella?
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-supportive care
-prevention -antibiotics only if bacteria is outside of the intestine |
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How does Typhoid travel to other parts of the body?
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Immune cells engulf the bacteria and carry them to other parts of the body
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What organ can be removed in order to control the spread of Typhoid.
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the gall bladder
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Why are antibiotics given for prolonged periods in the treatment of Typhoid?
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Because the bacteria move out and then come back to recolonize in the GI tract.
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What animal is resposible for the transfer of Yersinia Pestis?
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the flea
-responsible for the death of 25% of population of Europe (1346-1350) |
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What is the nickname of Yersinia Pestis?
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Black Death
-responsible for the death of 25% of population of Europe (1346-1350) |
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What is the incubation period of the Bubonic Plague?
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1-6 days
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How is the Bubonic Plague transported througout the body?
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via the lymphatics (lymphnodes)
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What is the mortality rate of the Bubonic Plague?
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75% die without treatment
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What is the incubation period for Pneumonic Plague?
Mortality rate? |
a)2-3 days
b)90% |
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Why is there a high infectious rate for Pneumonic Plague?
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It is spread through the air-one warm lung to another warm lung.
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What is the treatment for the Plagues?
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-controlling the rat population
-supportive and antibiotics |
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What regions in the US have reported the plague occuring in animals?
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-western US
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What is the role of plasminogen?
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-It dissolves fibron clots used to trap bacteria at site of infection
-activated only after bacteria eliminated. |
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When is Plasminogen activated?
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once the bacteria is eliminated
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What happens with the premature activation of plasminogen(PLA)?
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It prevents fibrin clot formation thus removing the barrier to spread.
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Explain the Temperature control of Plasminogen (PLA)?
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-at 27 degrees it coagulates (clots) in the throat of fleas
-since the flea is thirsty it bites rats of humans and the warm host activates the PLA. |
