General Bacterial Diseases (Pg8)

Front 1

List the major bacterial diseases of pigs (5)

Back 1

1) Streptococcus suis infection

2) Greasy pig dz

3) Glasser's dz

4) Swine erysipelas

5) Mycoplasmal dz

Front 2

What pigs are primarily affected by bacterial diseases?

Back 2

Weaner and grower pigs

Front 3

Streptococcus suis infection

1) What is the aetiology?

2) Describe the pathogenesis

3) What is the epidemiology?

4) What are the clinical signs?

5) How can it be diagnosed?

6) What can be done for tx and prevention?

Back 3

1) Streptococccus suis (various serotypes. Serotype 2 is NB, causes meningitis; 9 and 14 cause polyserositis, joint ill, septicemia, and sometimes meningitis).

2) Transmitted via aerosol or contact with carrier pigs. Bacteria colonize the tonsils, go to the circulation leading to bacteremia or septicemia. Bacteria can localize in target tissues leading to inflammation.

*Petechial hemorrhages of the pleura. If polyserositis, then fibrinous fluid exudation into body cavities and pericardium. Joint ill: joint capsule distended with cloudy fibrinous fluid. Meningitis: meninges congested and cloudy.

3) Poor housing conditions and overstocking promote spread of infection. Bacteria can survive in the env or on fomites for 2 or more weeks, if cool and damp. ZOONOTIC

4) Joint ill in suckling piglets and weaners. If septicemia, may die with no apparent clinical signs. Meningitis: recumbent, paddling leg mvmts, febrile, and die without tx.

5) Clinical signs, PMI, and bacterial culture plus serotyping.

6) Sucklers are tx individually. Weaners are tx by water or feed medication.

*Cases of meningitis must be removed from pens and placed in suitable hospital accommodation, treated with antibiotics and NSAIDs by injection. Penicillin usually highly effective. Need good nursing care.

*Prevention: autogenous vax. Management: no overstocking, adequate cleaning, etc.

Front 4

Greasy pig dz

1) What is the aetiology?

2) Describe the pathogenesis

*What are predisposing factors?

3) What is the epidemiology?

4) What are the clinical signs?

5) How can it be diagnosed?

*What are the ddx?

6) What can be done for tx and prevention?

Back 4

1) Staphylococcus hyicus. Also called exudative epidermitis.
*Common skin inf, can cause extensivelesions and prove fatal.
2) Transmission via contact with infected pigs. May spread rapidly w/in groups. Bacteria multiply in epidermis causing congestion, inflammation, exudation, and increased sebaceous gland secretions.
*Predisposing factors: trauma to skin, mange infection, rough bedding, or sharp projecting objects in pens.
*Lesions confined to skin.
3) Housing factors (i.e. high humidity) promote colonization of the skin. Piglets 2-6w most commonly affected. Sometimes sows/gilts: small multifocal scabby lesions.
4) Skin congestion and multifocal areas of scab formation. If severe, can lead to pain, anorexia, weakness, and death. Signs of severity: thickened skin with deep cracks that ooze serous fluid and fibrin (hospitalize immediately).
5) Skin lesions, lack of pruritis, and isolation of Staph. hyicus.
*Mange and parakeratosis.
6) Susceptible to a range of antibiotics; e.g. penicillin, amoxicillin, etc (determine number of pigs affected for tx strategy; large groups in water or feed). Usually injection, may consider topical to speed recovery.
*Severe cases: tx by injection and anti-inflammatory agents.

*Infected buildings must be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected, and dried out before more pigs moved in. NO VAX

Front 5

Glasser's dz

1) What is the aetiology?

2) Describe the pathogenesis

3) What is the epidemiology?

4) What are the clinical signs?

5) How can it be diagnosed?

6) What can be done for tx and prevention?

Back 5

1) Haemophilus parasuis. Characterized by fibrinous polyserositis in weaner and grower pigs.

2) Transmission via aerosol. Pigs develop septicemia, polyserositis, pneumonia, sometimes rhinitis and meningitis. If pigs recover, immunity develops.

*If die acutely, show fibrinous polyserositis, pericarditis, and polyarthritis.

*Can have chronic fibrous adhesions (concern with pericarditis leading to cardiac insufficiency).

3) Very common worldwide. Small numbers of organism results in dz. Transmission via carrier pigs, direct contact, and aerosols.

4) Most common in weaned pigs 1-3m. Sudden onset of dz. Febrile, anorexic, pneumonia, lameness, stiffness, and recumbency. Can be blotchy skin discoloration and/or meningitis.

5) Clinical signs, pathological lesions, and isolation of H. parasuis from joints or other lesion sites.

6) Sensitive to a wide range of antibiotics (e.g. penicillin, amoxicillin, etc). May consider inactivated vax.

Front 6

Swine erysipelas

1) What is the aetiology?

2) Describe the pathogenesis

3) What is the epidemiology?

4) What are the clinical signs?

5) How can it be diagnosed?

6) What can be done for tx and prevention?

Back 6

1) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Acute dz: septicemia and diamond-shaped skin hemorrhages. Chronic: polyarthritis and vegetative endocarditis.

2) Enters via tonsils, gut, or skin abrasions. Acute: septicemia, febrile, death. Chronic: acute infection spreads to synovial membranes and fibrosis.

*High fevers can lead to abortion in pregnant gilts or sows.

*Diamond-shaped skin lesions and enlarged/congested LNs.

3) Soil-associated organism. Carried by pigs in tonsils. Shed in feces and urine. ZOONOTIC. Immunity does not affect joint capsules.

4) Acute: 2m-adult; high temps, lethargy, anorexia, and red blotching of skin; possible sudden death.

Chronic: skin lesions go necrotic, turn black, and slough. After 2-3w joints stiffen.

5) Clinical signs, pathological lesions, and isolation of the organism (heart lesions, spleen, joints, and bone marrow).

6) Susceptible to range of antibiotics (e.g. penicillin). Thorough cleaning and disinfection of buildings. Vaccination used routinely in adult breeding stock and is administered at 6m intervals.

Front 7

Mycoplasmal dz

*What are the 3 main types?

Back 7

1) Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infection

2) Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection

3) Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection

Front 8

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infection

1) What is the aetiology?

2) Describe the pathogenesis

3) What are the clinical signs?

4) How can it be diagnosed?
*What are ddx?

5) What can be done for tx and prevention?

Back 8

1) M. hyosynoviae. Causes arthritis in growing and finishing pigs. Can occur in breeding stock (recently supplied farms).

2) Carried in tonsils of pigs. Transmitted via oro-nasal route. Septicemia follows with localization in joints causing synovitis.

*Synovial fluid (affected joints) is cloudy and fibrinous.

3) Acute lameness (1 or more joints), joint capsules swell.

4) Clinical signs, pathology, isolation of M. hyosynoviae from joint fluid.

*Erysipelas, DJD/osteochondrosis.

5) Susceptible to range of antibiotics (e.g. lincomycin, chlortetracycline, tiamulin, and enrofloxacin). Acute: tx with injectable antibiotics.

*Prevention: new-introduced breeding stock given short course of antibiotics in feed shortly after arrival on farm.

Front 9

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection

1) What is the aetiology?

2) Describe the pathogenesis

3) What is the epidemiology?

4) What are the clinical signs? (susceptible vs endemic)

*What exacerbates dz?

5) How can it be diagnosed?

6) What can be done for tx and prevention?

Back 9

1) M. hyopneumoniae.
2) Surface of bronchial/bronchiolar epi b/wn cilia and chronic inf established. Pneumonia after 7-14d; persists as chronic active lesions up to 3m.
*Bacterial pneumonia affecting cranial lung lobes. Bronchial LNs enlarged.
3) Enzootic pneumonia-common worldwide. Introduced w/infected pigs. Via contact or aerosol. Chronic infection.
4) Susceptible herd: acute pneumonia, febrile, cough, respiratory distress.
*Endemic herd: coughing in weaners and growers, decreased growth rates (uneven groups), delays in finishing.
*Exacerbated by co-infections, overstocking, and poor ventilation.
5) Clinical signs, pathology, histopathology. Confirmation via PCR (lung lesions or throat/nasal swabs).
6) Sensitive to range of antibiotics (e.g. tetracyclines, lincomycin, tilmicosin, and enrofloxacin). In outbreak, medicated feed or water. Individuals may need parenteral antibiotics and NSAIDs.

*Prevention: Good mgmt (AI/AO, stocking densities, ventilation, air quality, etc). Killed vaccines.

Front 10

Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection

1) Which pigs are mostly affected?

2) What does it cause?

Back 10

1) Weaners. Commonly isolated from respiratory tract-pneumonia.

2) Mild polyserositis.