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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three stages of anesthesia? |
From awake patient: 1. Induction 2. Maintenance 3. Emergence |
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What are the four goals of anesthesia? |
1.Amnesia/hypnosis -impairment of perceptive awareness 2.Analgesia -lack of pain sensation 3.Akinesia -lack of motor movement 4.Control of physiology -block sympathetic responses to stimuli |
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Inhalational Anesthetics |
delivered in form of gas -delivered from machine to patient's lungs where they diffuse across capillary membranes and dissolve in blood |
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What is malignant hyperthermia? |
- rare life-threatening syndrome in response to inhaled anesthetics -can treat -must be identified beforehand |
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What is the MOA of inhaled agents at excitatory nicotinic ACh receptors? |
-binding of the anesthetic decreases excitatory cholinergic currents, making the generation of an action potential less likely |
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What is the MOA of inhaled agents at inhibitory GABA receptors? |
- binding increases chloride fluxes, hyperpolarizing neurons --> making action potentials less likely to fire |
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What is minimum alveolar concentration? |
The conc at 1 atm that produces immobility in 50% of subjects when exposed to a noxious stimulus 95% of patients are immobile at 1.3 MAC |
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What are examples of inhaled anesthetics? |
Nitrous Oxide, Sevoflurane, Halothane, Enflurane, Desflurane |
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What are examples of IV anesthetics? |
Propofol, ketamine, etomidate, thiopental |
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Propofol |
- IV anesthetic -predictable and favourable kinetics |
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What are the uses of Benzodiazepines in general anesthesia? |
-act through GABA receptors = sedative/hypnotic -useful as co-anesthetics prior to surgery i.e. Diazepam, Lorazepam |
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What are the uses of opioids? |
-analgesic agents -used intra/postoperative analgesia i.e. morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, hydromorphone |
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What is the context-sensitive half time? |
-the prolonged clinical effect of anesthetic action due to incr. in drug's serum half-life b/c of depot effect |
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What are the two types of muscle relaxants? |
Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers |
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers |
-only succinylcholine -binds to NMJ receptor --> causes depolarization and fasiculation preventing repolarization |
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Non - Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers |
-binds at the NMJ, prevents depolarization and further acetylcholine at binding site |
