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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define Structural Adaptations |
Physical characteristics of the body that gel it to survive e.g hair, spikes |
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Define Physiological Adaptations |
Body functions that help it to survive e.g sweating, vomitting |
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Behavioural Adaptations |
Physiological decisions that help it to survive e.g hiding from predators |
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Define Homeostasis |
The maintainence of a stable interval environment kept within narrow limits. |
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Define Thermoregulation |
Regulation of body temperature |
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Define Pokilothermic |
Body temperature varies with environmental temp (not birds or mammals) |
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Define Homeorhermic |
Body temperature is constant. Birds and Mammals |
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Sources of Body Heat |
Ectotherm - Environment Endotgerms - Metabolism e.g food gets converted to heat |
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What is Giberllin? |
It is a plant hormone., which increases the length of the Stems, allowing more fruit and leaves to grow |
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What are 2 great adaptations that organisms? |
Animal - Concentrated urine Plant - Desert plants have less stomata |
1 plant and 1 animal |
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Define a Diurinal Animal |
Animals such have fluctuating body temperatures. |
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Define Monogomy |
One male mates with one female. |
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Define Polygamy |
Males and females have multiple partners for a season. |
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Define R selection |
Quick and many - little parenting care of offspring -fast sexual maturity -higher chance of species survival |
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Define K Selection |
Slower and Fewer -More advanced species develop from long pregnancies -Longer Lives -trained offspring |
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Define Oviparity |
Eggs are released by the mother and develop outside her body. There are enough nutrients in the yolk to enable growth. |
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Vivaparity |
Embryos develop inside a mothers body and are born as copies of the adult e.g Humans |
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What does an ecosystem consist of? |
-The living community -The non living surroundings -The interaction between the living and the non living |
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What is the major source of energy? |
SUN |
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What are the 4 types of consumers? |
Herbivores - Plant eaters e.g cows Carnivores - Animal Eaters e.g tigers Omnivores - Eat both plant and animals e.g Humans Detritivores - Decomposing matter Eaters e.g Dung Beetles |
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Define Competition |
Animals competing for something e.g food |
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Whay is a Predator-Pray relationship? |
One species eats another e.g Lion eats zebra |
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What is Parasitidm? |
One species suffers, other species benefits e.g worms in humans |
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What is Mutualism? |
Both species benefits e.g clown fish and anonme |
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What is commensalism? |
One species benefit the other nor gains or harms. |
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Where do we lose energy from? 6 |
-Body temperature maintainence -Muscle Contraction -Synthesis of biomolecules -Producing new cells -Nerve Impulses RESPIRATION |
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How much % of Energy do we get from the sun? |
1% |
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How much energy is lost from the first trophic level to the last? |
90% is loose and 10% carries on to the next trophic level |
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What are the ecological pyramids? 3 |
Pyramid of numbers Pyramid of energy Pyramid of biomass |
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What is the pyramid of numbers? |
Shows number of organisms at each level. |
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What is the pyramid of biomass? |
Shows total mass of organisms at each level. |
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What is the pyramid of energy? |
Shows total energy of organisms at each level. |
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What does species richness depend on? |
Size of an area Latitude |
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Define Abundance of Population |
The number of individuals per unit area. Basically another term for density. |
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What are the 3 types of distribution? |
Uniform Random Clumped |
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Which is the most common type of Population distribution? |
Clumped |
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Define Succesion |
Means one after the another. It's the nature's formation of a community over time. |
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Define Primary Succesion |
New species grown in an area not previously colonised. |
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Define Secondary Succession |
A major event removes original community (e.g FIRE) and a new community forms. |
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Why are introduced species so bad? |
They are successful predators of native species. They bring DISEASES. INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITIONKILLS NATIVE SPECIES KILLS NATIVE SPECIES |
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What type of growth is a J shape curve? |
It is exponential growth. Exponential growth is the unlimited growth of a population. |
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What is Lofistic growth? |
Also known as Density dependant growth as it depends on factors such as carry Capacity (K). It is S shaped! |
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Define Density Dependant |
Factors whose impact is related to population size are said to fee density dependant. E.g disease, lack of food |
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Define Density Independent |
Population are also affected by droughta, bushfire and floods that are density dependant. It is not influenced by the population size. |
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First Trophic Level are and examples |
PRODUCERS Grasses Trees and Shrubs Ferns Phytoplankton Algae |
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2nd Trophic Level are and examplea |
PRIMARY CONSUMERS HERBIVORES Plant eating insects Small Birda Possums ZooPlankton Whelks |
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3rd Trophic Level |
SECONDARY CONSUMERS Carnivores Antechinus Owls Starfish Smallfish |
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4th Trophic Level |
TERTIARY CONSUMERS Snakea Eagles Large Fish Sharks |
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FOOD CHAINS |
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FOOD WEBS |
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