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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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staining
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-non-specific: H (-,basic) will stain + purple
-direct: fluoro-labeled antibody -indirect: 1, 2 fluor-labeling |
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general functions of an epithelium
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-protection
-lubrication -secretion -absorption -transport -detect sensations |
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cilia
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motile, found respiratory system, MT
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stereocilia
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nonmotile,
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cell interactions
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-tight junctions: separate apical from basal
-adherens: connects actin btw cells (protein cadherin) -desmosomes:connects intermediate filaments btw cells (cadherin) -gap junctions: communication btw cells (connexons) BM= basal lamina of epith and reticular lam of c.t. (proteins = laminin and type 4 collagen and heparin sulfate (proteoglycan) |
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characteristics of protein secreting cell
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lots RER, secretory granules, prominent golgi
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characteristics of steroid secreting cell
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lots SER, mitochondria, lipid droplets
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types of c.t.
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loose, dense, adipose, blood, cartilage
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-c.t proper: loose, dense (regular, irregular)
-specialized: adipose, hematopoietic, mucous tissue, elastic -supporting: cartilage and bone |
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cells of c.t.
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fibroblasts, mast, fat, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma
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fibroblasts
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secrete fibers and matrix, role in wound repair
fiber types: elastic (vagina), collagen, reticular (liver, spln, lymph nodes) |
structural role
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collagen
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type 1 (c.t. and bone)
type 2 (hyaline and elastic cartilage) type3 (reticular fibers) type4(lamina densa) |
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types of proteins
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glycoprotein: bind (integrin)
proteoglycan: (aggrecan) GAG: chondroitin sulfate |
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Plasma cells
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-precursor is B-lymphocyte
-produce antibodies -no granules |
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Mast cells (similar to basophil activity)
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immune response:
-bind IgE - granules |
once bind IgE granules released:
-histamine (contract sm muscle bronchioles and incr permeability post capillary venules -heparin (anticoagulant) -ECF A (attract eosinophills) |
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macrophages
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-phagocytic
-antigen presenting -produces cytokines and chemoattractants (localizes during early inflammatory resp) -precursor is monocyte |
member of mononuclear phagocytic system:
-liver- kuppfer -skin- langerhans -bone-osteoclast -CNS-microglia |
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general func of blood
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distribute 02 and nutrients to cells, take CO2 and waste away.
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fat
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protective padding
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rbc
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-life 120 days
-7.5cm -2um thick -bioconcave for 02 entry/exit |
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platelets
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-clot blood
-precursor to megakaryocyte -no nucleus |
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monoctye
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-precursor of macrophage
-travel long dist -largest |
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lymphocyte
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-prod antibodies
-B and T cells -no granules -little cytoplasm |
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eosinophil
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-destroy parasites
-bilobed |
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neutrophil
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-most abundant
-multilobed -life 1week -granules |
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c.t. function
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structural,defense, medium for exchange, energy storage
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ground substance
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-GAG: - charge attracts water (hyaluronic a.)
- proteoglycans: core protein +link tetrasacc+ GAG (aggrecan) -glycoproteins: organization and mediation of cell interactions (fibronectin, laminin) |
functions:
-structural (fills space btw cells) -lubricant and barrier\ -regulates cell motility and adhesion |
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organization of cell lumen to base
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-epithelium
-basal lamina -collagen -macrophage -capillary -elastic -fibroblast -mast cell -ground substance |
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defense role
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plasma, mast macrophage
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components of circulatory sys
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heart, arteries (elastic, musculart), capillaries, veins,
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general organization organs
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tunica intimia (endo), media (myo), adventitia (epi)
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intima
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inner lining of vessel w/endothelial cells, BM, and c.t
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media
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sm muscle and elastic fibers
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adventitia
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c.t. and vasa vasorum (vessel w/n vessel) and nerves
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arteries
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away
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veins
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toward (most of bld going this way)
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cycle of bld flow
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heart-elastic artery-muscular artery-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins
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blood leaving heart must b high pressure!
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function arterioles
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transition btw artery and capillary...need to regulate flow for smaller capillary
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function capillaries
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metabollic exchange of gas, fluid, and nutritive
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intercalated discs
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allow contact btw purkinje and cardiac muscle
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layers
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capillaries - 1layer w/endothelial cells and pericytes (contraction and repair)
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types capillaries
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continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
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cont: endothelial w/tight junctions in basal lamina
fenes: endothelial w/pore but cont basal lamina sinus: lg fenestrae, discont basal lamina |
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where are continuous capillaries?
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nerve, muscle, exocrine gland, lung, c.t.
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where are fenestrated capillaries?
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kiney, intestines
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where are sinusoidal capillaries?
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bone marrow, adrenal cortex, liver, spleen
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lymphatics
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drain from extracellular and rtn to circulation. (i.e. capillary and duct)
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immune system organs
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thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
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cells of immune sys
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B and T lymphocytes, macrophage, plasma, APC
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types of immunity
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innate and adaptive
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1 lymph organs
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-bone marrow (B cell maturation)
-thymus (Tcell...) |
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barriers
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blood- thymus
blood- air blood- brain blood- testis |
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blood- thymus barrier
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prevents pathogens in bld from disturbing developing T cell
continuous capillary (epithelial reticular cells) |
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blood- air barrier
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continuous capillary (type I pneumocytes)
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blood- air brain
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continuous capillary (astrocytes)
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organs w/cortex medulla arrangement
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kidney, adrenal gland, lymph node, thymus,
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arterioles and veins
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1-2 layers sm muscle
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components of respiratory system
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nasal cavity, larynx,trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
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respiratory epithelium
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pseudostratified ciliated columnar
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cells of repiratory epithelium
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goblet, ciliated columnar, brush (microvilli, sensory receptors), stem, neuroendocrine
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conducting airways
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trachea (cartilage), bronchi (+mucous), bronchiole (no cartilage)
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pneumocytes
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type I: flat, thin, terminally differentiated, tight junctions,barrier
type II: cuboidal, tight junc, desmosomes,can b/c type I, |
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epidermal layers
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corneum (sloughing off)
lucidum (thick skin only) granulosum (barrier) spinosum (keratinocytes, langerhans) basalis (merkel, melanocytes) |
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general functions of skin
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barrier against injury, sensory, synthesis vitaD and melanin, absorption UV
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types of skin
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thick (no follicles)(i.e. eyebrow) and thin (i.e.eyelid)
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glands
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-eccrine (only in thick). secretions = dark give sweat
clear cells give watery and myoepithelial near pore helps eject ducts: excretory: sm lumen secretory: light lg lumen -sebaceous: secretion = oil. everywhere except palm and soles of feet -apocrine: secrete sweat. located armpit and genitalia. largest |
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